Medical/biological study (experimental study)

No genotoxic effect in exfoliated bladder cells of rat under the exposure of 1800 and 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation med./bio.

By: Gurbuz N, Sirav B, Colbay M, Yetkin I, Seyhan N

Published in: Electromagn Biol Med 2014; 33 (4): 296-301

Aim of study (acc. to author)

The genotoxic effects of exposure of rats to a 1800 or 2100 MHz electromagnetic field in exfoliated bladder cells should be investigated.

Background/further details

30 rats were divided into the following groups (n=6 each): 1) exposure to a 1800 MHz field for 1 month, 2) exposure to a 2100 MHz field for one month, 3) exposure to a 2100 MHz field for 2 months, 4) cage control group for 1 month, 5) cage control group for 2 months.

Endpoint

genotoxicity/mutation: micronucleus formation in exfoliated bladder cells

Exposure

- 1,800–2,100 MHz
- mobile communications
- GSM

Exposure	Parameters
Exposure 1: 1,800 MHz Exposure duration: continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months	electric field strength: 17.02 V/m effective value (± 0.41 V/m) SAR: 0.23 W/kg mean (whole body)
Exposure 2: 2,100 MHz Exposure duration: continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months	electric field strength: 17.02 V/m effective value (± 0.41 V/m) SAR: 0.23 W/kg mean (whole body)

General information

radio frequency environmental background level was 0.1 - 0.21 V/m

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Frequency	1,800 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Charakteristic	near field
Exposure duration	continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months

Modulation

Modulation type	cf. additional info
Additional info	GSM modulated

Exposure setup

Exposure source	horn antenna
Chamber	polymethyl methacrylate cages (15 x 20 x 20 cm) for one animal each
Setup	cage was placed symmetrically along the axis which was perpendicular and 5 cm below the mid-line of the horn antenna; electric field inside the cage was uniform around the center line (with about 15 cm diameter)

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
electric field strength	17.02 V/m	effective value	measured	-	± 0.41 V/m
SAR	0.23 W/kg	mean	measured and calculated	whole body	-

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Frequency	2,100 MHz
Type	electromagnetic field
Charakteristic	near field
Exposure duration	continuous for 30 minutes/day, 6 days/week for 1 or 2 months

Modulation

Modulation type	cf. additional info
Additional info	GSM modulated

Exposure setup

Exposure source	same setup as exposure 1

Parameters

Measurand	Value	Type	Method	Mass	Remarks
electric field strength	17.02 V/m	effective value	measured	-	± 0.41 V/m
SAR	0.23 W/kg	mean	measured and calculated	whole body	-

Exposed system:

animal
rat/Wistar albino
whole body

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

genotoxicity/mutation: micronucleus formation (after exposure; Feulgen reaction staining, microscopy)
rectal temperature (before and after each exposure session)

Investigated system:

intact cell/cell culture
exfoliated bladder cells
investigation on living organism

Time of investigation:

before exposure
after exposure

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

No significant differences were found in the Micronucleus formation between the exposure groups or between the individual exposure groups and their respective control groups.
The authors conclude that there is no evidence for genotoxic effects of exposure of rats to a 1800 or 2100 MHz electromagnetic in exfoliated bladder cells.

Study character:

medical/biological study
experimental study
full/main study
blind study

Study funded by

Gazi University Research Foundation, Turkey

Kumar G et al. (2015): A genotoxic analysis of the hematopoietic system after mobile phone type radiation exposure in rats
Kumar S et al. (2013): Influence of electromagnetic fields on reproductive system of male rats
Sekeroglu V et al. (2012): Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM 1800MHz) on immature and mature rats
Trosic I et al. (2011): Effect of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation on the rats' brain, liver and kidney cells measured by comet assay
Gurbuz N et al. (2010): Is There Any Possible Genotoxic Effect in Exfoliated Bladder Cells of Rat Under the Exposure of 1800 MHz GSM-Like Modulated Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR)?
Ziemann C et al. (2009): Absence of genotoxic potential of 902 MHz (GSM) and 1747 MHz (DCS) wireless communication signals: In vivo two-year bioassay in B6C3F1 mice
Yadav AS et al. (2008): Increased frequency of micronucleated exfoliated cells among humans exposed in vivo to mobile telephone radiations
Juutilainen J et al. (2007): Micronucleus frequency in erythrocytes of mice after long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation
Ferreira AR et al. (2006): Ultra high frequency-electromagnetic field irradiation during pregnancy leads to an increase in erythrocytes micronuclei incidence in rat offspring
Gorlitz BD et al. (2005): Effects of 1-week and 6-week exposure to GSM/DCS radiofrequency radiation on micronucleus formation in B6C3F1 mice
Vijayalaxmi et al. (2003): Genotoxic potential of 1.6 GHz wireless communication signal: in vivo two-year bioassay

No genotoxic effect in exfoliated bladder cells of rat under the exposure of 1800 and 2100 MHz radio frequency radiation med./bio.

Aim of study (acc. to author)

Background/further details

Endpoint

Exposure

General information

Exposure 1

Main characteristics

Modulation

Exposure setup

Parameters

Exposure 2

Main characteristics

Modulation

Exposure setup

Parameters

Methods Endpoint/measurement parameters/methodology

Main outcome of study (acc. to author)

Study funded by

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