Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmed NA et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (adults and young animal) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, PW pulsed wave |
Ait-Aissa S et al. | 2010 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | gliosis and apoptosis in the brains of young rats | 2.45 GHz | 0.08–9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks (day 6 to day 21 of gestation) or 7 weeks (day 6 to day 21 of gestation + 5 weeks after birth) | RF field, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Akakin D et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Akefe IO et al. | 2023 | animal, mouse | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Albert EN et al. | 1981 | animal, squirrel monkey (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>), whole body | density of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar uvula | 2.45 GHz | 3.4 mW/g | 3 h/day from the thirty-fifth day of gestation + 9.5 months after birth | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Albert EN et al. | 1981 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body | density of Purkinje cells in developing rat brains | 100 MHz | 2–2.77 mW/g | 21 h/day for 5 days | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Albert EN et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
An K et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Wistar (pregnant females and fetuses) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Aslan A et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | cerebellar morphology | 900 MHz | 0.01 W/kg | 1 hour/day for 25 consecutive days | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Azimzadeh M et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone base station |
Bas O et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body | neuronal development of hippocampus (number and histopathological changes of pyramidal cells in the cornu ammonis) | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous during gestation (19 days) | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field |
Bas O et al. | 2022 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF field |
Besset D et al. | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | RF field |
Bhargav H et al. | 2016 | human | - | 2,100 MHz | 0.4–0.54 W/kg | - | mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Chiang H et al. | 1987 | - | - | 3 GHz | 3.5 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 5 h/day, see add. information | microwaves, low level microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Croft RJ et al. | 2010 | human, partial body: left/right hemisphere | resting EEG (alpha waves) | 894.6 MHz | 0.7–1.7 W/kg | continuous for 55 min | GSM, W-CDMA, mobile communications |
DastAmooz S et al. | 2018 | - | - | 2.4 GHz | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, RF field |
Drecun M et al. | 1990 | animal, rat/Wistar, partial body: head | EEG | 2.45 GHz | - | continuous for two weeks; started on the sixth day after birth | microwaves, PW pulsed wave, 2.45 GHz |
Drecun M et al. | 1989 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave |
Drecun M et al. | 1982 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1985 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
El-Kafoury BMA et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Erdem Koc G et al. | 2016 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), partial body: head of mothers | neuron number in hippocampus of offspring | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 1 hour/day from the 1st to the 21st day of gestation | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field, co-exposure |
Furtado-Filho OV et al. | 2015 | animal, rat, whole body | oxidative damages of DNA, proteins and lipids in the cortex | 950 MHz | 0.35–1.32 W/kg | continuous for 30 min/day from the first day of gestation until birth | UHF fields |
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