Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. 308 studies
  2. 295 studies
  3. 115 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 45 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 10 studies

Central nervous system

115 studies in total
  1. 83 studies
  2. 30 studies
  3. 3 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Albert EN et al. 1988 - - - - - microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Chiang H et al. 1987 - - 3 GHz 3.5 mW/g repeated daily exposure, 5 h/day, see add. information microwaves, low level microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Paulraj R et al. 2012 - - 9.9 GHz 1 W/kg 2 h/day for 35 days microwaves, radar
Paulraj R et al. 2012 - - 16.5 GHz 2.01 W/kg continuous for 2 h/day at 35 days (6 days/week) low level microwaves, AM amplitude modulation
Odaci E et al. 2016 - - - - - mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field
Ikinci A et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Petitdant N et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF field, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure
Kerimoglu G et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications, RF field
Xu F et al. 2016 - - 1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Sharma A et al. 2017 - - 10 GHz - - microwaves
DastAmooz S et al. 2018 - - 2.4 GHz - - W-LAN/WiFi, RF field
Kim JH et al. 2021 - - 1,760–1,850 MHz - - RF field
Rashidova AM 2021 - - 460 MHz - - microwaves
Tan B et al. 2022 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave
Bas O et al. 2022 - - 900 MHz - - RF field
Jamakosmanovic A et al. 1988 - - - - - CW continuous wave, microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Yucel H et al. 2022 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, RF field
Drecun M et al. 1989 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave
Guessab A et al. 1983 - - - - - microwaves, radar
Nakas M et al. 1981 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Drecun M et al. 1982 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Drecun M et al. 1985 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Drecun M et al. 1979 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Nakas M et al. 1979 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Jamakosmanovic A et al. 1979 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave