Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Fertility

45 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    25 studies
  2. Low frequency
    19 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    2 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Radio frequency 25 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Zaun G et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Mugunthan N et al. 2015 animal, mouse/albino, whole body - 900–2,200 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Sehitoglu I et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Odaci E et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Turedi S et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Liu W et al. 2012 animal, mouse/albino Kunming - 935 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field
Okatan DÖ et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Shahin S et al. 2018 animal, mouse/Swiss albino - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Hanci H et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Calis P et al. 2021 animal, rat/Wistar albino - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field, co-exposure
Almášiová V et al. 2021 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave, microwave pulses
Qin F et al. 2021 animal, C57BL/6J mouse - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Šimaiová V et al. 2019 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves
Jaffar FHF et al. 2022 - - - - - W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Gupta V et al. 2022 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, low level microwaves
Karadayi A et al. 2023 - - - - - 2.45 GHz
McRee DI et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g 24 h/day, first 12 days of embryogenesis microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar-Han, whole body malformation, histological examination of male reproductive system and of ovaries; number and distribution of resorption sites and fetuses 2.45 GHz 0.08–4 W/kg continuous for 1 h/day, 6 days/week for up to 36 days: 2 weeks (female) or 3 weeks (male) pre-mating + 3 weeks (all animals) post-mating microwaves, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, wireless transmitter
Ozlem Nisbet H et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body testicular function 900 MHz 0.011–3 mW/kg continuous for 2 h/day for 90 days GSM, mobile communications
Atasoy HI et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body effects on rat testes (oxidative stress, DNA damage) 2.437 GHz 0.091 W/kg continuous for 24 h/day for 20 weeks W-LAN/WiFi
Imai N et al. 2011 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, whole body testicular function 1.95 GHz 0.08–0.4 W/kg continuous for 5 h/day, 7 days/week during 5 weeks mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Sommer AM et al. 2009 animal, mouse/C57BL, whole body developmental parameters, reproductive ability in parental animals 2 GHz 0.08–1.3 W/kg continuous for 570 days with a 30 min break each night UMTS, mobile communications
Carnes KI et al. 1996 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body fetal growth, testicular development 1 MHz 1.5 mW/kg continuous for 8 h on day 9 and/or day 12 of gestation RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1987 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g during first 12 days of embryogenesis ( egggs rotated every 2h) microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Brown-Woodman PD et al. 1989 - - 27.12 MHz - intermittent; 1h/day, 5days/week, for 5 weeks RF field, microw. oven/heating device, therapeutic/medical device