Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

295 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    143 studies
  2. Low frequency
    109 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Radio frequency 143 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Lary JM et al. 1986 - - 27.12 MHz 10.8 W/kg 10 to 40 min. on gestation day 9 RF field
Galvin MJ et al. 1981 - - 2.45 Hz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of embryogeny microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Galvin MJ et al. 1982 - - 2.45 Hz 4.03 nW/g 12 days microwaves, CW continuous wave
Bianco B et al. 1979 - - 100–2,000 MHz - - RF field, microwaves
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1979 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1982 - - 425 MHz 6.7 mW/g repeated daily exposure for 4 hours a day from day 12 of pregnancy to parturition (dams) and for 20 or 40 days (pups) RF field
Jamakosmanovic A et al. 1981 - - 2,450 MHz - not specified microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Vadeyar SH et al. 2000 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Peyman A et al. 2009 - - - - - microwaves, wireless transmitter
Machata AM et al. 2009 human - - 0.3–3.9 W/kg - MRI
Magin RL et al. 2000 animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body - 170 MHz 0.2 W/kg - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Poutamo J et al. 1998 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - 1.2–3.8 W/kg - MRI
Zhang Y et al. 2013 intact cell/cell culture, primary cortical neurons (of rat) - 2.45 GHz 6 W/kg - RF field, 2.45 GHz
Seckin E et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body - 900 MHz - 1 h/day starting on the 12th day of pregnancy until 21 days after delivery mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Lo C et al. 2014 - - - - - MRI
Choi SB et al. 2014 human - 1,950 MHz 1.57 W/kg - mobile phone, W-CDMA, mobile communications, personal
Ulubay M et al. 2015 animal, rat/Wistar albino (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - 900 MHz 2 W/kg - mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure
Odaci E et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body - 900 MHz - - RF field
Ohtani S et al. 2015 - - 2.14 GHz - - mobile communications, W-CDMA
Shivashankara AR et al. 2015 human - - - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Masuda H et al. 2015 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 1,457 MHz - - mobile communications, PDC, microwaves
Ait-Aissa S et al. 2013 - - 2.45 GHz - - RF field, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Yuksel M et al. 2016 - - 900–2,450 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz
Fedorov VI et al. 2015 - - 0.1–2.2 THz - - TeraHz
Nisbet HO et al. 2016 - - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications