EMF-Portal | Study overviews

Authors	Year	Study type	Study group	Observation period	Study location	Endpoints	Parameters
Kacprzyk A et al.	2021	-	men, women	2018	Poland	exhaustion, head-ache, irritation, concentration and sleeping difficulties, anxiety and somnolence	mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, power transmission line, induction cooker, laptop/tablet, audio/video dev.
Alattar E et al.	2019	-	women, 19–25 years	2018	Palästina	general health status (e.g., headache, dizziness, concentration difficulties, dry mouth, drooling of saliva, pain in eyes and ears, anxiety, insomnia and forgetfulness), sleep disturbances, pH, flow rate and electrolyte concentration of saliva	mobile communications, mobile phone
Zaghloul NM et al.	2019	-	men, women, children, 15–64 years	2018	Egypt	headache, vision problems, ear problems, musculo-skeletal problems, psychological troubles, social impact, weight changes, sleep disturbances	mobile communications, mobile phone
Tatoń G et al.	2022	-	men, women	2018 - 2020	Poland	electromagnetic hypersensitivity	mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, low frequency, EMF general, laptop/tablet
López I et al.	2021	-	men, women	2019	Spain	sleep duration, time to fall asleep, nightmares, headache, dizziness, fainting, tachycardia and tiredness, all cancer	mobile communications, mobile phone base station, UMTS, GSM, CDMA, LTE, DECT, RF field, Bluetooth, W-LAN/WiFi
İkinci Keleş A et al.	2021	-	men, women, 18–24 years	2019	Turkey	total sleep time, early or late sleep latency, frequent nocturnal awakening and feeling tired upon waking, health problems (e.g., reddening and warming of the ear, reddening and warming in the face, nausea, altered heart rhythm, fainting, short-term hearing loss, inability to focus) and general symptoms (headache, dizziness, lack of concentration, learning difficulty or increased learning, forgetfulness)	mobile phone, mobile communications
Al-Khlaiwi T et al.	2021	-	men, women	2019 - 2020	Saudi Arabia	sleep quality, fatigue	mobile communications, mobile phone
Eeftens M et al.	2023	-	men, women, 18–70 years	2019 - 2020	Switzerland and France	cognitive performance, health-related quality of life, sleep duration and quality	mobile communications, mobile phone, cordless phone
Greco F et al.	2023	-	men, women	2021	France	migraine, electromagnetic hypersensitivity	mobile phone base station, mobile communications, mobile phone, microw. oven/heating device, microwaves, Radio/TV transmitter, DECT, Bluetooth, W-LAN/WiFi, other domestic appliance, power transmission line, induction cooker, EMF general, also other exposures without EMF, MRI
Liu H et al.	2014	cross-sectional study	men, women, 22–60 years	August - September 2011	China	sleep quality and sleep duration	mobile phone, mobile communications, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, personal
Tseng MMC et al.	2011	cross-sectional study	men, ≥ 18 years	August 2007	Taiwan	electromagnetic hypersensitivity	mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, EMF general
Johansson A et al.	2010	cross-sectional study	men, women	December 2005 - April 2006	Sweden	sleep disturbances, dizziness, discomfort, concentration, memory loss, fatigue, headaches, warmth behind/around ear, warmth on ear, burning skin, tingling/tightness, tinnitus, numbness, anxiety, depression, somatization, exhaustion and stress	mobile phone, mobile communications, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, other domestic appliance, personal
Baliatsas C et al.	2016	cohort study	men, women, ≥ 18 years	January - December 2004, follow-up July 2010 - June 2011	Netherlands	23 symptoms such as headache, fatigue, dizziness, memory or concentration problems, skin symptoms, heart palpitations, ear symptoms, neck or shoulder symptoms, back pain, muscular pain, sleep disturbances, electromagnetic hypersensitivity	mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, residential
Schüz J et al.	2007	cohort study	men, women, ≥ 18 years	January 1982 - December 1995, followed up through 2003	Denmark	Alzheimer disease, dementia, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, vertigo	mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, personal
Navarro EA et al.	2003	preliminary study	men, women, ≥ 15 years	January 2001	Spain	microwave sickness: fatigue, irritability, headache, nausea, appetite loss, insomnia, depression, discomfort, difficulty in concentration, memory loss, skin alterations, visual + auditory dysfunction, dizziness, gait difficulty, cardiovascular alterations	mobile phone base station, GSM, mobile communications, residential
Gomez-Perretta C et al.	2013	cross-sectional study	men, women, 15–81 years	January 2001	Spain	fatigue, irritability, headache, nausea, lack of appetite, depression, lack of concentration, memory loss, skin alterations, visual disturbances, vertigo, vascular alterations, hearing problems, walking difficulty, sleep disturbances	mobile phone base station, GSM, mobile communications, residential
Thomas S et al.	2008	cross-sectional study	men, women, 18–65 years	January 2005 - August 2006	Germany	headache, neurological symptoms (e.g., tinnitus), cardiovascular symptoms (e.g., tachycardia), concentration problems, fatigue, sleep disturbances	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, personal
Eger H et al.	2010	survey	men, women, ≥ 18 years	January 2009	Germany	depression, headache, cerebral symptoms, joint illnesses, infections, skin changes, dizziness, cardiovascular symptoms, disorders of the optical and acoustic sensory systems, nosebleed, hormonal disorders, gain and loss of weight, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, sleep disturbances	mobile communications, mobile phone base station, DECT, residential
Baliatsas C et al.	2014	cross-sectional study	men, women, ≥ 18 years	January 2011 - June 2011	Netherlands	23 symptoms such as headache, fatigue, dizziness, memory or concentration problems, skin symptoms, heart palpitations, ear symptoms, neck or shoulder symptoms, back pain, muscular pain, abdominal/stomach pain, sleep disturbances, electromagnetic hypersensitivity	mobile phone, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, W-LAN/WiFi, 50/60 Hz, other domestic appliance, residential, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Baliatsas C et al.	2015	survey	men, women, ≥ 18 years	January 2011 - June 2011	Netherlands	23 symptoms such as headache, fatigue, dizziness, memory or concentration problems, skin symptoms, heart palpitations, ear symptoms, neck or shoulder symptoms, back pain, muscular pain, sleep disturbances, electromagnetic hypersensitivity	mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, DECT, Radio/TV transmitter, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, residential, personal
Stalin P et al.	2016	cross-sectional study	men, women, ≥ 18 years	January 2014	India	headache, earache, neck pain, tinnitus, painful fingers, restlessness, morning tiredness, tingling fingers, fatigue, eye symptoms, sleep disturbance and hypertension, sleep disturbances	mobile phone, mobile communications
Hagström M et al.	2013	survey	men, women, 27–98 years	July 2011 - January 2012	Finland	68 different symptoms, e.g. stress, sleep disorder, fatigue, concentration problems, memory problems, anxiety, muscle tension, skin problems, heart complaints	mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, mobile communications, microw. oven/heating device, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, other domestic appliance, EMF general, residential, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Kato Y et al.	2012	survey	men, women, 19–81 years	June - October 2009	Japan	sleep disturbances, 43 symptoms, e.g. headache, fatigue, concentration difficulties, dizziness, stiff nack or back, irritation, anxiety, skin problems	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, PHS, cordless phone, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, induction cooker, other domestic appliance, MRI, residential, personal, therapeutic/medical device
Berg-Beckhoff G et al.	2009	cross-sectional study	men, women, 15–71 years	March - August 2006	Germany	headaches, health complaints, mental, and physical health, sleep disturbances, risk perception (not concerned, concerned, attributed own adverse health effects to base stations)	mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, TETRA/TETRAPOL, Bluetooth, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), DVB-T, residential
Breckenkamp J et al.	2010	cross-sectional study	men, women, 15–71 years	March - August 2006	Germany	headache, health complaints, mental, and physical health, sleep disturbances, risk perception (not concerned, concerned, attributed own adverse health effects to base stations)	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, TETRA/TETRAPOL, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), residential
Schreier N et al.	2006	cross-sectional study	men, women, ≥ 14 years	May - July 2004	Switzerland	sleep disorders, headache, concentration difficulties, nervousness, rheumatism/muscle pain, respiratory problems, dizziness	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, cordless phone, Radio/TV transmitter, microw. oven/heating device, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, other domestic appliance, residential, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Alazawi SA	2011	cross-sectional study	men, women, 18–66 years	May - June 2010	Iraq	headaches, fatigue, depressive tendencies, irritability, feeling of discomfort, loss of appetite, nausea, difficulties in concentration, memory loss, visual disturbances, hearing disturbances, dizziness, cardiovascular problems, lowering of libido, nervousness, sleep disturbances	mobile phone base station, mobile communications, residential
Mohler E et al.	2010	cross-sectional study	men, women, 30–60 years	May 2008	Switzerland	sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness	mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, TETRA/TETRAPOL, RF field, DECT, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), residential, personal
Mohler E et al.	2012	cohort study	men, women, 30–60 years	May 2008, follow-up in May 2009	Switzerland	sleep quality and daytime sleepiness	mobile phone, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, RF field, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter, residential, personal
Chiu CT et al.	2015	cross-sectional study	children, 11–15 years	May 2010 - September 2010	Taiwan	headaches/migraine and skin itches, insomnia, excess daytime sleepiness	mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Hutter HP et al.	2010	case-control study	men, women, 16–80 years	Nov 2003 - Nov 2004	Austria	tinnitus	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Korpinen LH et al.	2009	survey	men, women, 18–65 years	October 2002	Finland	pain in several joints and back, sleep disturbances, self-reported physical symptoms: headache, earache, warmth sensations, skin symptoms, depression, exhaustion at work, substance addiction, anxiety or fear situations	mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Schüz J et al.	2006	survey	men, women	October 2003 - March 2005	Germany	headache, tiredness, concentration difficulties, increased heart beat, vertigo, impaired vision, loss of appetite, anxiety, and other symptoms, self-classified hypersensitivity, sleep disturbances	mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, cordless phone, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electrical substation, 16 2/3 Hz (train), other domestic appliance, residential, personal
Söderqvist F et al.	2008	cross-sectional study	men, women, 15–19 years	October 2005	Sweden	sleep disturbances, health symptoms such as tiredness, stress, headache, anxiety, and concentration difficulties	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, UMTS, NMT, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Zheng F et al.	2015	cross-sectional study	children, 9–12 years	October 2011 - May 2012	China	headache, dizziness, fatigue, feeling low, heart beating fast, sleep disturbances	mobile phone, mobile communications
Suleiman A et al.	2014	survey	men, women, 16–77 years	September 2013	Malaysia	headache, giddiness, loss of memory, diarrhea, mental slowness, reduction in reaction time, depression, mood swing, fatigue, somnolence, vomiting, palpitation, feverish, insomnia	mobile phone base station, mobile communications, residential
Santini R et al.	2002	survey	men, women	not given	France	general symptoms (headache, concentration difficulties, loss of memory, tiredness, sleep disturbance); symptoms during use (discomfort, burning sensation of the face, pricking sensation on the ear, warmth of the ear)	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, GSM, PC/TV monitor, personal
Santini R et al.	2003	survey	men, women	not given	France	symptoms of discomfort, sleep disturbances, fatigue, irritability, headaches, nausea, loss of appetite, depressive tendency, concentration difficulties, memory loss, skin problems, visual + hearing disturbances, dizziness, movement diff, cardiovasc. problems, libido lowering	mobile phone base station, mobile communications, residential
Balikci K et al.	2005	survey	men, women	not given	Turkey	headache, dizziness, extreme irritation, shaking in the hands, speaking falteringly, forgetfulness, neuro-psychological discomfort, increase in the carelessness, decrease of the reflex and clicking sound in the ears	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Balik HH et al.	2005	survey	men, women	not given	Turkey	blurring of vision, redness on the eyes, vision disturbance, secretion of the eyes, inflammation in the eyes and lacrimation of the eyes	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Meo SA et al.	2005	survey	men, women, 18–46 years	not given	Saudi-Arabia	hearing and vision complaints: impaired hearing, ear ache and/or warmth of the ear; decreased vision and/or blurred vision	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Khan MM	2008	survey	men, women	not given	Saudi-Arabia	chronic headache, impaired concentration, impaired memory, fatigue, hearing problem, skin disease, warmth around the ear, sleeplessness, self-rated health condition, relation of symptoms to mobile phone use	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Davidson HC et al.	2007	survey	men, women, 18–30 years	not given	United Kingdom	hearing, tinnitus, and balance difficulties	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Saxena Y et al.	2014	survey	men, women, 16–22 years	not given	India	sleep efficiency, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction	mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, personal
Salama OE et al.	2004	cross-sectional study	men, women, 20–60 years	not stated	Egypt	headache, earache, burning sensation of the face, fatigue, concentration difficulty, sleep disturbances	mobile communications, mobile phone, personal
Milde-Busch A et al.	2010	cross-sectional study	children, 13–17 years	not stated	Germany	headache (migraine, tension-type headache, miscellaneous headache)	mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Augner C et al.	2009	survey	men, women, 18–67 years	not stated	Austria	electromagnetic hypersensitivity, EMF-health concerns; biological parameters alpha-amylase, cortisol, immunoglobulin A, and substance P	mobile phone base station, mobile communications, residential
Bortkiewicz A et al.	2012	cross-sectional study	men, women, ≥ 18 years	not stated	Poland	headache, impaired memory, dermal changes, depression, fatigue, irritation, circulatory systoms, vertigo, mental discomfort, visual disorders, hearing problems, loss of appetite, nausea, sleep disturbances, health status	mobile communications, mobile phone base station, residential
van Dongen D et al.	2014	cross-sectional study	men, women, 18–87 years	not stated	Netherlands	self-reported non-specific symptoms (e.g., headache, fatigue, back pain, nausea, dizziness, tingling, palpitation), risk perception of EMF in general and of different EMF sources, attribution of symptoms to possible causes, including EMF	mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, DECT, microw. oven/heating device, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Zheng F et al.	2014	cross-sectional study	men, women, children, 12–20 years	not stated	China	inattention	mobile phone, mobile communications, personal

Study overviews

Epidemiological studies on mobile communications

Hypersensitivity/well-being/subjective complaints 112 studies in total