Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belyaev IY et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Fischer 344, 全身 | DNA strand breaks, changes in chromatin conformation, gene expression | 915 MHz | 0.4 mW/g | continuous for 2 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Czyz J et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, pluripotent R1 embryonic stem cells, wild-type D3 and p53-deficient; embryonic carcinoma cells of line P19 | gene expression, cell differentiation, cell cycle phase, and proliferation | 1.71 GHz | 0.4–16 W/kg | intermittent, 5/30 min On/Off cycles for 6 or 48 hours | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Goswami PC et al. | 1999 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, C3H 10T1/2 cells (derived from mouse embryo fibroblasts) | stress response (proto-oncogene expression and DNA-binding activity of transcription factors) | 835.62 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 24 h or 4 days | 移動体通信システム, CDMA |
Pacini S et al. | 2002 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human skin fibroblasts | gene expression, cell morphology | 902.4 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Akhavan-Sigari R et al. | 2014 | ヒト, 身体の一部: head | relationship between <i>p53</i> expression, <i>p53</i> mutations, survival time and cell phone usage | 800–1,900 MHz | 0.66–1.53 W/kg | repeated daily exposure of less than 3 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Karaca E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | DNA damage (micronucleus assay), gene expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes | 10.715 GHz | 0.725 W/kg | continuous for 6 h per day for 3 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, マイクロ波 |
Yan JG et al. | 2008 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | mRNA synthesis of several injury-associated proteins | 1.9 GHz | 0.9–1.8 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 x 3 h/day, for 18 weeks | アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, PCS, CDMA, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Yan JG et al. | 2009 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | mRNA synthesis (gene expression) of several injury-associated proteins | 800 MHz | 0.9–1.8 W/kg | 2 times 3 hr / day (with 30 min rest period between exposures), on 7 days/week for 18 weeks | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, アナログ携帯電話, デジタル携帯電話, CDMA |
Remondini D et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells), EA.hy926 cells (human endothelial cells), NB69 cells (human neuroblastoma cells), CHME5 cells (human microglial cells), U937 cells (monocytic lymphoblastoma cells), and T lymphocytes | gene expression | 900 MHz | 1–2.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Li HW et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human lens epithelial cells (HLEC) | proteome changes: protein expression | 1,800 MHz | 1–3.5 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Chauhan V et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HL-60 (human acute myeloid leukaemia cells) and Mono Mac 6 cells (human monocytes) | gene expression | 1.9 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 6 h | デジタル携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Sakurai T et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, human astroglial cells SVGp12 | gene expression | 2.45 GHz | 1–10 W/kg | continuous for 1, 4 or 24 h | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, CW 連続波, 2.45 GHz |
Karinen A et al. | 2008 | ヒト, 身体の一部: small area of forearm's skin | protein expression | 900 MHz | 1.3 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Luo Q et al. | 2013 | ヒト | protein expression in chorionic villous tissue | 900 MHz | 1.46–8.8 W/kg | continuous for 20 min. (according to "materials and methods" section) or 1 h (according to abstract)? | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Nikolova T et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, ES R1細胞(マウス胚性幹細胞) | 異なる影響(例:異なる転写レベル、遺伝毒性、転写、アポトーシス、細胞毒性、ミトコンドリア機能) | 50 Hz–1.25 kHz | 1.5 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/30 min off, for 6 h and 48 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, 50/60 Hz (AC), 送電線 |
Zhao R et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | gene expression | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cervellati F et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | connexin gene expression and protein expression, protein localization and cell ultrastructure | 1,817 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, PW パルス波 |
Nylund R et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, EA.hy926 cells | protein expression | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM |
Gerner C et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells), cultured fibroblasts, quiescent and inflammatory stimulated (by PHA and LPS) primary human white blood cells | protein expression (effects on proteome) | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off for 8 hr | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, PW パルス波 |
Nylund R et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | protein expression | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zhijian C et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HMy2.CIR (human B-cell lymphoblastoid cells) | protein expression | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent (5 min fields on/10 min fields off) for 24 hours | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Cervellati F et al. | 2013 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HTR-8/SVneo (human trophoblast cell line) | connexin, integrin and estrogen receptor expression, cell ultrastructure, localization of estrogen receptor | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 1 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells (pheochromocytoma cell line from rat adrenal gland) | gene expression and protein expression of Hsp70 and mitogen-activated protein kinase | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent, 5 min on/10 min off, for 4, 16, and 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Lu Y et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, N9 cells (mouse microglial cells) and C8-D1A cells (mouse astrocyte type I cells) | proinflammatory protein expression and gene expression; nitric oxide release; STAT3 activation, activation of microglia and astrocytes | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | intermittent for 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours (5 min on and 10 min off) | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
Valbonesi P et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, PC-12 cells/rat | - | 1.8 GHz | 2 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
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