Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Calabro E et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line) | cellular stress response (heat shock protein expression, cell viability and apoptosis) | 1,760 MHz | 0.086 W/kg | continuous for 2 h and 4 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hussein S et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat | changes and damage in the rat brain | 1,800 MHz | 0.6 W/kg | continuous for 120 min/day for three months | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Markova E et al. | 2005 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | chromatin conformation, analysis of tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) and of phosphorylated histone H2AX (gamma-H2AX) | 905–915 MHz | 37 mW/kg | continuous for 1 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Cao H et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | circadian concentration of melatonin, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in blood | 1.8 GHz | 0.05653 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day for 32 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Lixia S et al. | 2006 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SRA01/04-hLEC (human eye lens epithelial cells) | comet assay, stress response/gene expression, cell proliferation | 1.8 GHz | 1–3 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Lee JS et al. | 2016 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HT22 (mouse hippocampus neuronal cells) | cytotoxicity | 837–1,950 MHz | 2 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム, 非EMF, 共ばく露 |
Meral I et al. | 2007 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | different blood vitamin levels, oxidative stress in the brain | 890–915 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | continuous for 12 h/day (11 h 45 min stand-by mode, 15 min speaking mode) on 30 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, RF電磁界 |
Fasseas MK et al. | 2015 | 無脊椎動物, nematode (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>)/N2 (wild type), DR1572, DR26, TK22, CL4176, NL5901, RB864, CL2070 (<i>hsp-16.2</i>), CF1553 (<i>sod-3</i>), SJ4005 (<i>hsp-4</i>), LG333 (<i>skn-1</i>), LD1171 (<i>gcs-1</i>) and CL2166 (<i>gst-4</i>) | effects on fertility, neurodegeneration, short-term memory, chemotaxis, stress, apoptosis, life span and growth of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> | 1,780–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 3, 6 or 24 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi |
Kumari K et al. | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | effects on liver: oxidative stress and liver values | 900 MHz | 0.15 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day for 35 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波, 2.45 GHz |
Balci M et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on oxidant/antioxidant balance in cornea and eye lens | 900 MHz | 1.2 W/kg | intermittent, 4 x 10 min/day, for 4 weeks | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Aydogan F et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/ Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on parotid gland of rats | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | continuous for 6 h/d on 5 d/week for 10 days | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Soran ML et al. | 2014 | 植物, parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i>), dill (<i>Anethum graveolens</i>), celery (<i>Apium graveolens</i>), 全身 | effects on plants: leaf anatomy, etheric oil content and volatile emissions | 860–910 MHz | - | continuous for 3 weeks | GSM, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi |
Singh HP et al. | 2012 | 植物, mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i>)/Wilczek, hypocotyls | effects on plants: root growth (rhizogenesis) and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5, 1, 2 h | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Sharma VP et al. | 2009 | 植物, mung bean | effects on plants: root growth and oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 hr, 4 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Kumar S et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | effects on testis and sperms | 1,910.5 MHz | 0.0226–1.34 W/kg | continuous for 2 hours/day on 6 days/week for 60 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Guler G et al. | 2012 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand, 全身 | effects on the liver of young rabbits (DNA damage and lipid peroxidation) | 1,800 MHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days (female) or 14 days (male) | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Dawe AS et al. | 2008 | 無脊椎動物, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>/PC72 (transgenic, with reporter gene construct encoding beta-galactosidase under control of <i>hsp16</i> heat shock promotor), 全身 | expression of heat shock protein | 1.8 GHz | 1.8 W/kg | continuous for 2.5 h | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Zeni O et al. | 2007 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, murine L929 cells | formation of reactive oxygen species (oxidative stress) | 900 MHz | 0.3–1 W/kg | continuous for 10 or 30 min | 移動体通信システム, GSM |
Belyaev IY et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | genotoxic effects and stress response | 905–915 MHz | 37–40 mW/kg | 1 h | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話, GSM, UMTS |
Tkalec M et al. | 2013 | 無脊椎動物, earthworm (<i>Eisenia fetida</i>), 全身 | genotoxicity, oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.13–9.33 mW/kg | continuous for 2 hours | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Ghoneim FM et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/albino, 全身 | histology and oxidative stress of the parotid glands | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | 4 hours/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Odaci E et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | histology, apoptosis and oxidative stress in the testes | 900 MHz | 0.025 W/kg | continuous for 1 hour/day for 30 days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Al-Damegh MA | 2012 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | histopathological alterations in the testis, oxidative stress in blood and testis | 900–1,900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 15, 30 or 60 min/day during 14 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Zmyslony M et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, rat lymphocytes | intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species | 930 MHz | 1.5 W/kg | continuous for 5 or 15 min | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話, CW 連続波 |
Maaroufi K et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Long-Evans, 全身 | level of dopamine and serotonin, oxidative stress in brain, spatial learning and memory | 900 MHz | 0.05–0.18 W/kg | 1 hour per day for 21 consecutive days | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Güler G et al. | 2010 | 動物, rabbit/New Zealand White, 全身 | lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in the brain | 1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 15 min/day on 7 days - from day 15 to day 22 of gestation | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Bodera P et al. | 2015 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | lipid peroxidation in brain, blood, liver and kidney | 1,800 MHz | 0.024–0.028 W/kg | continuous for 15 minutes/day for 5 days | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Sefidbakht Y et al. | 2014 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, HEK 293T cells (human embryonic kidney cells) transfected with luciferase gene | luciferase enzyme activity and oxidative stress | 940 MHz | 0.09 W/kg | continuous for up to 90 minutes | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 全身 | morphology and oxidative stress in the heart | 900 MHz | 0.0093 W/kg | 1 h/day between postnatal days 21 and 59 | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Finnie JW et al. | 2006 | 動物, mouse/BALB/c, 全身 | neural stress of fetal brain | 900 MHz | 4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 60 min/day from day 1 to day 19 of gestation | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Xu S et al. | 2010 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養 | oxidative DNA damage | 1,800 MHz | 2 W/kg | 5 min on - 10 min off - for 24 hr | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, RF電磁界, PW パルス波 |
Sahin D et al. | 2016 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative DNA damage in the brain | 2,100 MHz | 0.4 W/kg | - | 携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム |
Oktem F et al. | 2005 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative damage in the kidney | 900 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day for 10 days | 移動体通信システム, 携帯電話 |
Koylu H et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Sprague-Dawley, 身体の一部: head | oxidative damage/lipid peroxidation in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 2 weeks | GSM, 移動体通信システム, マイクロ波 |
Ferreira AR et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative metabolism in the brain | 834 MHz | 0.86–0.98 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 7.5 h per day, for 6 days | アナログ携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Moustafa YM et al. | 2001 | ヒト, 身体の一部: cellular phone was placed in the pocket | oxidative stress | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 1, 2 and 4 h | GSM, TDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Ilhan A et al. | 2004 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 身体の一部: head | oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.25–2 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 1 h/day for 7 days | アナログ携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hook GJ et al. | 2004 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, J774.16 (mouse macrophage cells) | oxidative stress | 835.62 MHz | 800 µW/g | continuous for 20 to 22 h | CDMA, 移動体通信システム, CW 連続波 |
Yurekli AI et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress | 945 MHz | 11.3 mW/kg | repeated daily exposure, 7 h/day, for 8 days | 携帯電話基地局, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Guney M et al. | 2007 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Hong MN et al. | 2012 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, MCF10 A cells (human breast epithelial cells) | oxidative stress | 837 MHz | 2–4 W/kg | continuous for 2 h | 携帯電話, CDMA, W-CDMA, 移動体通信システム |
Ozorak A et al. | 2013 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress (kidney and testis) and level of trace elements (kidney) | 900 MHz | 0.18–1.2 W/kg | 60 min/day (5 days/week) during gestation and up to 6 weeks following delivery | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
Oral B et al. | 2006 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in the endometrium | 900 MHz | 0.016–4 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 30 min/day, for 30 days | デジタル携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム |
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. | 2011 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, SH-SY5Y (human neuroblastoma cell line), U87 (human astrocytoma cells), CHME5 (human microglial cells), and primary cortical neuron cultures | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species) | 1,800 MHz | 2–10 W/kg | continuous for 1 h or 24 h | GSM, 移動体通信システム, AM 振幅変調, PW パルス波 |
Brescia F et al. | 2009 | 無傷細胞/細胞培養, Jurkat cells (human lymphoblastoid T cells) | oxidative stress (production of reactive oxygen species), cell viability | 1,950 MHz | 0.5–2 W/kg | 5 min - 60 min or 24 h | デジタル携帯電話, UMTS, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Cetin H et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), 全身 | oxidative stress and concentration of diverse chemical elements (see methods) in brain and liver of young rats | 900 MHz | 0.001–1.1 W/kg | 1 hour per day, starting <i>in utero</i> until the age of 4, 5, or 6 weeks | 携帯電話, 移動体通信システム |
Kesari KK et al. | 2011 | 動物, rat/Wistar, 全身 | oxidative stress and metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.9 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day on 45 days | 携帯電話, GSM, FDMA, TDMA, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Ozgur E et al. | 2010 | 動物, guinea pig, 全身 | oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in the liver | 1,800 MHz | 0.38 W/kg | continuous for 10 min./day on 7 days or 20 min./day on 7 days | 携帯電話, GSM, 移動体通信システム, PW パルス波 |
Marzook EM et al. | 2014 | 動物, rat/albino | oxidative stress and other parameters in the blood | 900 MHz | - | continuous for 24 h/day for 8 weeks | 携帯電話基地局, 移動体通信システム, 共ばく露 |
Imge EB et al. | 2010 | 動物, rat/Wistar albino, 全身 | oxidative stress and purine metabolism in the brain | 900 MHz | 0.95 W/kg | 4 weeks - mobile phone in stand-by mode, called four times a day for 10 min. | 移動体通信システム, デジタル携帯電話 |
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