Biological effects of amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation: micronucleus formation, chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, DNA strand break
• cancer: tumor promotion (ornithine decarboxylase activity); primary malignant tumors, lymphoma
• effects on the neurological system: calcium flux; neurotransmitter (endogenous opioids, GABA, acetylcholine); EEG; blood brain barrier permeability
• cognitive/behavioral endpoints: learning, memory
• epidemiology: health effects (EEG, cognition, cancer risk)
• effects on nerve and muscle cells (contractility, action potential, calcium flux)

Exposure

• • 2.45 GHz
  • magnetic field
  • microwaves
• • TDMA
  • AM amplitude modulation
  • CW continuous wave
  • PW pulsed wave
  • radar
  • mobile communications
  • mobile phone base station
  • GSM
  • MRI

Related articles

• Juutilainen J et al. (2011): Review of possible modulation-dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields
• Hossmann KA et al. (2003): Effects of electromagnetic radiation of mobile phones on the central nervous system