Neuromodulation Techniques in Phantom Limb Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis review

Endpoint

• treatment/therapy: application of invasive central nervous system stimulation (e.g. deep brain stimulation), noninvasive CNS stimulation (rTMS and tDCS) and peripheral nervous system stimulation (e.g., TENS) for treatment of limb pain

Exposure

• • DC
  • magnetic field
• • signals/pulses
  • electric current application
  • tDCS
  • therapeutic/medical device
  • electrotherapy
  • TMS (transcranial stimulation)