Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kraut A et al. | 1994 | - | children | 1970 - 1986 | Canada | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
MacCarthy A et al. | 2010 | - | men, children, children in utero, 0–14 years | 1962 - 1999 | Great Britain | neuroblastoma | occupational, also other exposures without EMF, EMF general |
Zagar T et al. | 2023 | - | men, women, children, 0–29 years | 2005 - 2016 | Slovenia | all cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Gurney JG et al. | 2001 | - | men, women, children | 1975 - 1997 | USA | brain tumor, central nervous system tumor, childhood brain/CNS tumor | mobile communications, mobile phone, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, occupational, residential, also other exposures without EMF |
Nasca PC et al. | 1988 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1968 - 1977 | USA | tumor of the central nervous system | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Johnson CC et al. | 1989 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–14 years | 1964 - 1980 | USA | nervous system tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Myers A et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1970 - 1979 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Olsen J et al. | 1993 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | April 1968 - December 1986 | Denmark | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, tumor of the central nervous system, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Preston-Martin S et al. | 1996 | case-control study | men, women, children, children in utero, 0–19 years | 1984 - 1991 | USA | astrocytoma, glioma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other brain tumor types | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal |
Wertheimer N et al. | 1979 | case-control study | children, 0–18 years | 1950 - 1973 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Sorahan T et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–15 years | 1953 - 1981 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Savitz DA et al. | 1993 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. | 1996 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–20 years | 1975 - 1982 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational |
Tynes T et al. | 1997 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1965 - 1989 | Norway | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Gurney JG et al. | 1996 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–19 years | 1989 - 1994 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, residential, personal |
Preston-Martin S et al. | 1996 | case-control study | children, 0–19 years | January 1984 - June 1991 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, residential |
Savitz DA et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal |
Dockerty JD et al. | 1998 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1990 - 1993 | New Zealand | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid cancers | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, other domestic appliance, residential, personal |
Feychting M et al. | 1993 | case-control study | children, 0–15 years | 1960 - 1985 | Sweden | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Savitz DA et al. | 1988 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | January 1976 - December 1983 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solid tissue tumors and other cancers, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential |
Smulevich VB et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1986 - 1988 | Russia | leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | radar, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 2000 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
McCredie M et al. | 1994 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–14 years | 1985 - 1989 | Australia | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal, also other exposures without EMF |
Skinner J et al. | 2002 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1992 - 1996 | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
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