Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kraut A et al. | 1994 | - | children | 1970 - 1986 | Canada | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Cordier S et al. | 2001 | case-control study | children | 1976 - 1994 | Australia, Israel, France, Italy, Spain, USA | astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other glial tumors | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Nasca PC et al. | 1988 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1968 - 1977 | USA | tumor of the central nervous system | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Myers A et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1970 - 1979 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Olsen J et al. | 1993 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | April 1968 - December 1986 | Denmark | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, tumor of the central nervous system, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Feychting M et al. | 2000 | cohort study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1993 | Sweden | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Savitz DA et al. | 1993 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Tynes T et al. | 1997 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1965 - 1989 | Norway | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Savitz DA et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal |
Dockerty JD et al. | 1998 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1990 - 1993 | New Zealand | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid cancers | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, other domestic appliance, residential, personal |
Savitz DA et al. | 1988 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | January 1976 - December 1983 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solid tissue tumors and other cancers, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential |
Smulevich VB et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1986 - 1988 | Russia | leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | radar, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 2000 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Skinner J et al. | 2002 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1992 - 1996 | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Kuijten RR et al. | 1992 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1980 - 1986 | USA | astrocytoma | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Draper G et al. | 2005 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962-1995 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Hug K et al. | 2010 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | July 1988 - June 1993, October 1992 - September 1994 | Germany | acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS tumor, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, bone tumor, and soft tissue sarcoma | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Saito T et al. | 2010 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | May 1999 - September 2002 | Japan | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Kroll ME et al. | 2010 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962-1995 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2014 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid tumors | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Swanson J et al. | 2014 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | electric field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable, high-voltage direct current (HVDC), residential |
Pedersen C et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1968 - 2003 | Denmark | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2016 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
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