Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hug K et al. | 2010 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | July 1988 - June 1993, October 1992 - September 1994 | Germany | acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS tumor, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, bone tumor, and soft tissue sarcoma | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Skinner J et al. | 2002 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1992 - 1996 | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 2000 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential |
Zagar T et al. | 2023 | - | men, women, children, 0–29 years | 2005 - 2016 | Slovenia | all cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Kuijten RR et al. | 1992 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1980 - 1986 | USA | astrocytoma | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Preston-Martin S et al. | 1996 | case-control study | men, women, children, children in utero, 0–19 years | 1984 - 1991 | USA | astrocytoma, glioma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other brain tumor types | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal |
Li P et al. | 2009 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–14 years | 1982 - 2002 | Canada | astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma, other gliomas and other intracranial neoplasms | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Cordier S et al. | 2001 | case-control study | children | 1976 - 1994 | Australia, Israel, France, Italy, Spain, USA | astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other glial tumors | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
McKean-Cowdin R et al. | 1998 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–18 years | 1984 - 1991 | USA | astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumors | electric field, low frequency, electrical substation, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Gurney JG et al. | 2001 | - | men, women, children | 1975 - 1997 | USA | brain tumor, central nervous system tumor, childhood brain/CNS tumor | mobile communications, mobile phone, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, occupational, residential, also other exposures without EMF |
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. | 1996 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–20 years | 1975 - 1982 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational |
Gurney JG et al. | 1996 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–19 years | 1989 - 1994 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, residential, personal |
Preston-Martin S et al. | 1996 | case-control study | children, 0–19 years | January 1984 - June 1991 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, residential |
McCredie M et al. | 1994 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–14 years | 1985 - 1989 | Australia | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal, also other exposures without EMF |
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. | 1988 | case-control study | men, women, children, 0–19 years | 1959 - 1978 | USA | childhood brain/CNS tumor | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Mezei G et al. | 2008 | meta-analysis | children, 0–20 years | 1950 - 2002 | USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, UK, Germany, Taiwan, Japan | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Saito T et al. | 2010 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | May 1999 - September 2002 | Japan | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Kheifets L et al. | 2010 | pooled analysis | children, 0–15 years | 1960 - 2001 | USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, UK, Germany, Japan | childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Crespi CM et al. | 2016 | case-control study | children, 0–15 years | 1986 - 2008 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Feychting M et al. | 2000 | cohort study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1993 | Sweden | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Sorahan T et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–15 years | 1953 - 1981 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational |
Savitz DA et al. | 1990 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1983 | USA | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal |
Kraut A et al. | 1994 | - | children | 1970 - 1986 | Canada | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Draper G et al. | 2005 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962-1995 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
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