Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

338 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    135 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Brain/CNS tumor

68 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    52 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    17 studies
  3. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 52 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Mezei G et al. 2008 meta-analysis children, 0–20 years 1950 - 2002 USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, UK, Germany, Taiwan, Japan childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Myers A et al. 1990 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1970 - 1979 UK childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Nasca PC et al. 1988 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1968 - 1977 USA tumor of the central nervous system magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Olsen J et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years April 1968 - December 1986 Denmark childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, tumor of the central nervous system, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Pearce MS et al. 2007 case-control study men, women, children, 0–25 years 1968 - 2000 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, retinoblastoma, renal tumor, hepatic tumor, malignant bone tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, germ cell neoplasm electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Pedersen C et al. 2015 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1968 - 2003 Denmark childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential
Preston-Martin S et al. 1996 case-control study men, women, children, children in utero, 0–19 years 1984 - 1991 USA astrocytoma, glioma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other brain tumor types magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal
Preston-Martin S et al. 1996 case-control study children, 0–19 years January 1984 - June 1991 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, residential
Saito T et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–14 years May 1999 - September 2002 Japan childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Savitz DA et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1983 USA leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Savitz DA et al. 1990 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1983 USA childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal
Savitz DA et al. 1988 case-control study children, 0–14 years January 1976 - December 1983 USA childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solid tissue tumors and other cancers, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Seomun G et al. 2021 meta-analysis children, 0–19 years 1960 - 2009 UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, USA, Japan, Iran, Brazil, Czech Republic, Malaysia childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, low frequency, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz
Skinner J et al. 2002 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1992 - 1996 UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Smulevich VB et al. 1999 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1986 - 1988 Russia leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer radar, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Sorahan T et al. 1999 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–15 years 1953 - 1981 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Su L et al. 2018 meta-analysis children, children in utero, 0–20 years 1942 - 2006 - childhood nervous system tumors including CNS tumor and neuroblastoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Swanson J et al. 2014 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer electric field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Tynes T et al. 1997 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1965 - 1989 Norway childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators 1999 case-control study children, 0–14 years 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators 2000 case-control study children, 0–14 years 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Verkasalo PK et al. 1993 cohort study children, 0–19 years 1970 - 1989 Finland childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Wertheimer N et al. 1979 case-control study children, 0–18 years 1950 - 1973 USA childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. 1996 case-control study men, women, children, 0–20 years 1975 - 1982 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. 1988 case-control study men, women, children, 0–19 years 1959 - 1978 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational