Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

336 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    134 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    87 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Brain/CNS tumor

68 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    52 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    17 studies
  3. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 17 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Kojimahara N et al. 2024 case-control study men, women, children, 10–24 years 2011 - 2015 Japan and Korea glioma, brain tumor mobile communications, mobile phone, CDMA, W-CDMA, LTE, PDC, PHS, DECT
Castaño-Vinyals G et al. 2021 case-control study men, women, children, 10–24 years 2010 - 2015 Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain neuroepithelial brain tumors (e.g. glioma, embryonal brain tumor) mobile communications, mobile phone, cordless phone, RF field, low frequency
Sato Y et al. 2016 - men, women, children, 10–39 years 1993 - 2010 Japan malignant neoplasms of the central nervous system, childhood brain/CNS tumor mobile phone, mobile communications
Hauri DD et al. 2014 cohort study children, 0–15 years 1985 - 2008 Switzerland acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer UHF fields, Radio/TV transmitter, TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), AM radio transmitters, DAB, DVB-T, residential
Li CY et al. 2012 case-control study children, 0–15 years 2003 - 2007 Taiwan childhood leukemia, brain tumor, all childhood cancer and benign neoplasms mobile phone base station, mobile communications, residential
Aydin D et al. 2011 case-control study men, women, children, 7–19 years January 2004 - August 2008 Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Switzerland brain tumor, intracranial central nervous system tumor: ependymoma, astrocytoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other glioma, other specified intracranial neoplasms, and unspecified intra-cranial neoplasms mobile communications, digital mobile phone, cordless phone, other domestic appliance, personal
de Vocht F et al. 2011 - men, women, children 1998 - 2007 UK malignant brain cancer (mainly glioma), childhood brain/CNS tumor digital mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Inskip PD et al. 2010 - men, women, children 1977 - 2006 USA malignant brain tumor: glioma and other types, childhood brain/CNS tumor mobile communications, analog mobile phone, digital mobile phone, personal
Elliott P et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–4 years 1999 - 2001 Great Britain childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer mobile communications, mobile phone base station, GSM, residential
Eger H et al. 2009 preliminary study men, women, children, ≥ 10 years 2000 - 2007 Germany brain tumor, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, kidney cancer, ovarian carcinoma, melanoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer mobile communications, mobile phone base station, residential
Ha M et al. 2007 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1993 - 1999 South Korea childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor RF field, AM radio transmitters, residential
Gurney JG et al. 2001 - men, women, children 1975 - 1997 USA brain tumor, central nervous system tumor, childhood brain/CNS tumor mobile communications, mobile phone, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, occupational, residential, also other exposures without EMF
Smulevich VB et al. 1999 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1986 - 1988 Russia leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer radar, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Sorahan T et al. 1999 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–15 years 1953 - 1981 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Dolk H et al. 1997 ecological study men, women, children 1974 - 1986 Great Britain acute leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphatic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphatic leukemia, brain tumor, skin melanoma, bladder cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), residential
Hocking B et al. 1996 ecological study men, women, children, 0–80 years 1972 - 1990 Australia leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor TV broadcast (VHF/UHF), FM broadcast (UKW), AM radio transmitters, residential
Selvin S et al. 1992 - men, women, children, 0–20 years 1973 - 1988 USA childhood lymphoma, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor microwaves