Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 2000 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia | UK | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential |
Coghill RW et al. | 1996 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | April 1985 - March 1995 | United Kingdom | acute lymphocytic leukemia | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, other domestic appliance, residential |
Wünsch Filho V et al. | 2011 | case-control study | children, 0–8 years | January 2003 - February 2009 | Brazil | acute lymphocytic leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Zagar T et al. | 2023 | - | men, women, children, 0–29 years | 2005 - 2016 | Slovenia | all cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Zaki AM et al. | 2020 | meta-analysis | children, 0–15 years | - | Iran, Italy, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Canada, USA, New Zealand | all childhood cancer, childhood leukemia | mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, microwaves, cordless phone, RF field, Radio/TV transmitter, electric field, magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, low frequency, power transmission line, EMF general, laptop/tablet, residential, co-exposure |
Zhao L et al. | 2014 | meta-analysis | children, 0–15 years | 1962 - 2007 | USA, Canada, UK, Germany, Italy, Japan, New Zealand | all childhood leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Amoon AT et al. | 2022 | pooled analysis | children, 0–16 years | 1962 - 2010 | USA, Denmark, Italy, UK | all types and acute lymphoblastic leukemia as subgroup | magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Reid A et al. | 2011 | case-control study | children, children in utero, 0–14 years | July 2003 - December 2006 | Australia | childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia | low frequency, occupational |
Schüz J et al. | 2012 | pooled analysis | children, 1–14 years | different in each country, starting in 1988 | Canada, Denmark, Germany, New Zealand, Sweden, USA, UK, Japan | childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Duarte-Rodríguez DA et al. | 2024 | case-control study | men, women, children, ≤ 18 years | 2006 - 2013 | Mexico | childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia | magnetic field, power transmission line, electrical substation, low frequency, also other exposures without EMF |
Dockerty JD et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1990 - 1993 | New Zealand | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Fulton JP et al. | 1980 | case-control study | children, 0–20 years | 1964 - 1978 | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Michaelis J et al. | 1997 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | July 1988 - June 1993 | Germany | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential |
Green LM et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1985 - 1993 | Canada | childhood leukemia | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential |
Green LM et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1985 - 1993 | Canada | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Lin RS et al. | 1994 | cohort study | children, 0–14 years | 1979 - 1988 | Taiwan | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Li CY et al. | 1998 | cohort study | children, 0–14 years | 1987 - 1992 | Taiwan | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
London SJ et al. | 1991 | case-control study | children, 0–10 years | 1980 - 1987 | USA | childhood leukemia | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, residential |
Bowman JD et al. | 1995 | case-control study, reanalysis | children, 0–10 years | not stated | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Thomas DC et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–10 years | 1980 - 1987 | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Petridou E et al. | 1997 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1993 - 1994 | Greece | childhood leukemia | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Greenland S et al. | 2000 | meta-analysis | children, 0–14 years | - | USA, Canada, England, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Germany, Denmark, New Zealand, Mexico | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Auvinen A et al. | 2000 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1989 - 1993 | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
Bianchi N et al. | 2000 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1976 - 1992 | Italy | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential |
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