Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert EN et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Chiang H et al. | 1987 | - | - | 3 GHz | 3.5 mW/g | repeated daily exposure, 5 h/day, see add. information | microwaves, low level microwaves, PW pulsed wave |
Khadrawy VA et al. | 2009 | animal, rat/albino | - | 900 MHz | 1.165 W/kg | continuous for 1 h/day for up to 4 months | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Yip YP et al. | 1995 | animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> | - | 15 Hz | - | continuous for 6 hr | RF, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI |
Paulraj R et al. | 2012 | - | - | 9.9 GHz | 1 W/kg | 2 h/day for 35 days | microwaves, radar |
Paulraj R et al. | 2012 | - | - | 16.5 GHz | 2.01 W/kg | continuous for 2 h/day at 35 days (6 days/week) | low level microwaves, AM amplitude modulation |
Motawi TK et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Movvahedi MM et al. | 2014 | human, partial body: ear | - | 900 MHz | 1.45 W/kg | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sahin A et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | 0.024 W/kg | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Masuda H et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 1,457 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, PDC, microwaves |
Odaci E et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Guler G et al. | 2016 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body | - | 1,800 MHz | 18 mW/kg | - | GSM, mobile communications |
Ikinci A et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Petitdant N et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Bhargav H et al. | 2016 | human | - | 2,100 MHz | 0.4–0.54 W/kg | - | mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Xu F et al. | 2016 | - | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino (pregnant females) | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
An K et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Wistar (pregnant females and fetuses) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
Lameth J et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Wistar (adults and pubs), partial body | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, PW pulsed wave |
Ghatei N et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/BALB/c (pregnant females and young animal) | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
Zhang JP et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body | - | 1.8 GHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
DastAmooz S et al. | 2018 | - | - | 2.4 GHz | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, RF |
Keleş Aİ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | - |
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