Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almášiová V et al. | 2021 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave, microwave pulses |
| Qin F et al. | 2021 | animal, C57BL/6J mouse | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave |
| Šimaiová V et al. | 2019 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
| Jaffar FHF et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
| Gupta V et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, low level microwaves |
| Karadayi A et al. | 2023 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz |
| Sakraoui D et al. | 2023 | animal, White stork (<i>Ciconia ciconia</i>) | - | - | - | - | mobile phone base station, mobile communications |
| Hegazy AA et al. | 2022 | animal, albino rats (mothers and pups) | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM |
| Jaffar FHF et al. | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, RF, 2.45 GHz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
| Jha N et al. | 2025 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | 700 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G |
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