Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fey DP et al. | 2020 | animal, rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) (eggs and larvae), whole body | inner ear organ asymmetry | 0 Hz | - | up to 36 days | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, static magnetic field, DC |
Myklatun A et al. | 2018 | animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) and medaka | - | 0–1 Hz | - | - | geomagnetic field, magnetic field |
Wiltschko W et al. | 2007 | animal, chicken | - | 0 Hz–1.566 MHz | - | - | geomagnetic field, intermediate frequency, static magnetic field, co-exposure |
Nassisi V et al. | 2023 | animal, zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae | - | 0 Hz–900 MHz | - | - | UHF fields, RF field, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency |
Shakina LA et al. | 2018 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) | - | 0 Hz–36.94 GHz | - | - | millimeter waves, static magnetic field |
Peeling J et al. | 1988 | invertebrate, nematode (<i>Panagrellus redivivus</i>) | - | 1–25 Hz | - | continuous for 96 h | magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, DC, static magnetic field |
Baum SJ | 1979 | - | - | 5 Hz–1 MHz | - | repeated daily exposure, 8 h/day, for 45 days | electric field, signals/pulses |
Fitzsimmons RJ et al. | 1986 | - | - | 10 Hz | - | - | electric field, low frequency |
Zhou J et al. | 2021 | intact cell/cell culture, newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts, animal, rat/Wistar | - | 10–100 Hz | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency |
Abou-Ali G et al. | 2002 | - | - | 10 Hz–5 MHz | - | 20-30 min | electric field |
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