Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leitgeb N et al. | 2006 | human, partial body: lateral side of the forearm | electric current perception | 50 Hz | - | until first perception of current; repeated 6 times with a 3 min break between the tests | touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz |
Li Y et al. | 2022 | invertebrate, honeybee (<i>Apis cerana</i>) | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Liu H et al. | 1997 | - | - | - | - | repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, for 2 days | magnetic field, signals/pulses |
Lo C et al. | 2014 | - | - | - | - | - | MRI |
Luo Q et al. | 2006 | ICR mouse embryo cultures | DNA damage (double-strand breaks) | 50 Hz | - | 24 h | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, low frequency, co-exposure |
Lupi D et al. | 2021 | invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body | disease appearance, mortality, and biochemical alterations in honey bees, behavioral alterations in honey bees | 50 Hz | - | continuously | power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field |
Machata AM et al. | 2009 | human | - | - | 0.3–3.9 W/kg | - | MRI |
Magin RL et al. | 2000 | animal, mouse/ICR:HD, whole body | - | 170 MHz | 0.2 W/kg | - | MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF |
Majidian Eydgahi S et al. | 2015 | animal, chicken/Ross (egg), whole body | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Mannerling AC et al. | 2007 | animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body | survival rate | 50 Hz | - | 10, 20 or 60 min | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure |
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