Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

298 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    145 studies
  2. Low frequency
    110 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Low frequency 110 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Leitgeb N et al. 2007 human, partial body: forearms perception threshold 50 Hz - current linearly increased until perception of current touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz
Kim SK et al. 2013 human, partial body: head heart rate, respiratory rate, subjective symptoms, magnetic field perception 60 Hz - continuous for 32 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Leitgeb N et al. 2005 human, partial body: lateral side of the forearm electric current perception 50 Hz - until first perception of the current touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz
Leitgeb N et al. 2006 human, partial body: lateral side of the forearm electric current perception 50 Hz - until first perception of current; repeated 6 times with a 3 min break between the tests touch current, electric current application, 50/60 Hz
Bellieni CV et al. 2012 human, whole body melatonin production 50 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Vadeyar SH et al. 2000 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Poutamo J et al. 1998 human, whole body: embryo <i>in utero</i> - - 1.2–3.8 W/kg - MRI
Björasen AM et al. 2004 intact cell/cell culture, K562 cells (human erythroleukemic cell line), animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn, whole body survival/mortality 50 Hz - continuous for 20 min (MF) and 75 min (UV-C) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, co-exposure
Zhou J et al. 2021 intact cell/cell culture, newborn rat calvarial osteoblasts, animal, rat/Wistar - 10–100 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency
Zhou J et al. 2019 intact cell/cell culture, rat calvarial osteoblasts, rat/Sprague Dawley, animal, whole body effects on bone, osteoblasts and underlying signal pathways 50 Hz - <i>in vivo</i>: 90 min/day for 2 months, <i>in vitro</i>: 90 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz