Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

297 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    144 studies
  2. Low frequency
    110 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Low frequency 110 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bellossi A 1991 - - 12–460 Hz - repeated exposure, 2 x 30 min/week, lifelong magnetic field, signals/pulses
Liu H et al. 1997 - - - - repeated daily exposure, 3 h/day, for 2 days magnetic field, signals/pulses
Fitzsimmons RJ et al. 1986 - - 10 Hz - - electric field, low frequency
Persinger MA et al. 1978 - - 500 mHz - 5 days magnetic field, low frequency
Abou-Ali G et al. 2002 - - 10 Hz–5 MHz - 20-30 min electric field
Baum SJ 1979 - - 5 Hz–1 MHz - repeated daily exposure, 8 h/day, for 45 days electric field, signals/pulses
Wilmot JJ et al. 1993 - - - - - signals/pulses, electrotherapy
Salti R et al. 2006 - - - - - magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, not extractable
Lee HJ et al. 2007 - - 20 kHz - 8 h/day a) for mammary tumor: for 14 weeks from the day after DMBA treatment b) for lung tumor: for 6 weeks beginning after weaning c) for skin tumor: 20 weeks beginning 1 weeks after DMBA treatment magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Whissell PD et al. 2007 - - - - - magnetic field
St-Pierre LS et al. 2007 - - 500 mHz - from day 3 before birth until day 14 after birth magnetic field
St-Pierre LS et al. 2008 - - - - - magnetic field
Bellieni CV et al. 2008 - - - - - therapeutic/medical device
Hinsenkamp MG et al. 1982 - - - - - electric field
Skarja M et al. 2009 - - - - - electric field
Emes Y et al. 2013 - - - - - magnetic field, signals/pulses
Postner M et al. 1995 - - - - - electric field
Lo C et al. 2014 - - - - - MRI
Ushiyama A et al. 2014 - - 21 kHz - - magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Cawley P et al. 2016 - - - - - RF field, MRI
Passi R et al. 2017 - - - - - magnetic field, therapeutic/medical device
Husheer J et al. 2020 - - 50–400 Hz - - 50/60 Hz, electric current application
Beltrán-Frutos E et al. 2021 - - 4 MHz - - intermediate frequency, therapeutic/medical device
Bryan YF et al. 2006 - - - - - MRI
Tahir E et al. 2024 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, W-LAN/WiFi, microwaves