Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Other

295 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    143 studies
  2. Low frequency
    109 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    55 studies

Radio frequency 143 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Üstündağ ÜV et al. 2020 - - 15–3,000 MHz - - RF field
Lerchl A et al. 2020 animal, mouse/C3H/HeNCrl x C57Bl/6N - 1,960 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UMTS, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Surrell JA et al. 1987 - - - - - microwaves, microw. oven/heating device
Tripathi R et al. 2022 animal, rat/ Wistar albino - 1,760 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Vargová B et al. 2021 invertebrate - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF field
Mohammadi B et al. 2021 animal, rat/Wistar - 50 Hz–900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Vilic M et al. 2017 invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation
Saadia Z 2018 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Pawlak K et al. 2018 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Saadia Z et al. 2018 human - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Holovska K et al. 2021 - - - - - 2.45 GHz, microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Tümkaya L et al. 2022 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Cantürk Tan F et al. 2022 - - - - - RF field, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Yan S et al. 2022 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J - 2 GHz - - mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave
Sarapultseva EI et al. 2023 - - 900 MHz - - RF field
Galal FH et al. 2022 invertebrate, mosquito (<i>Culex pipiens</i>) - 900–1,900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, 4G, mobile phone
De Paepe S et al. 2023 - - 5.4 GHz - - RF field
Shakina LA et al. 2018 invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) - 0 Hz–36.94 GHz - - millimeter waves, static magnetic field
D'Silva MH et al. 2021 animal, hen eggs (<i>Gallus domesticus</i> ) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, UMTS
Yenilmez F 2022 animal, chicken/Ross (egg) - 800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Bozok S et al. 2023 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley - 900–2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, RF field
Chang YW et al. 2023 - - - - - microwaves, microw. oven/heating device, 2.45 GHz
Salameh M et al. 2022 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Kıran D et al. 2017 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone
Bryan YF et al. 2006 - - - - - MRI