Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
| Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shakina LA et al. | 2018 | invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (eggs) | - | 0 Hz–36.94 GHz | - | - | millimeter waves, static magnetic field |
| Okatan DÖ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
| Kim JH et al. | 2019 | animal, mouse/ICR | - | 1,850 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
| Nik Abdull Halim NMH et al. | 2024 | invertebrate, yellow fever mosquito (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>) (eggs) | - | 900 MHz–18 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, 5G, millimeter waves, RF field |
| Vilic M et al. | 2017 | invertebrate, honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i>), whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, AM amplitude modulation |
| Salameh M et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryos and newborns) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM |
| Galal FH et al. | 2022 | invertebrate, mosquito (<i>Culex pipiens</i>) | - | 900–1,900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, 4G, mobile phone |
| Smith-Roe SL et al. | 2020 | animal, mouse/B6C3F1/N, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900–1,900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, CDMA, mobile phone |
| Budak GG et al. | 2009 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, GSM, PW pulsed wave |
| Anderson LE et al. | 2004 | animal, rat/Fischer 344, whole body, partial body: head (from day 35 of age through 2 years) | cancer | 1.62 GHz | 0.06–1.6 W/kg | repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day, for about 27 days | mobile communications, IRIDIUM |
| Masuda H et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 1,457 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, PDC, microwaves |
| Misek J et al. | 2018 | human, partial body | - | 1,788 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, PW pulsed wave |
| Kulaber A et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field |
| Shojaeifard MB et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Wistar | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, RF field |
| Bozok S et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900–2,100 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field |
| Yan S et al. | 2022 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J | - | 2 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field, CW continuous wave |
| Kuybulu AE et al. | 2016 | - | - | 2.45 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF field, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz |
| Ohtani S et al. | 2015 | - | - | 2.14 GHz | - | - | mobile communications, W-CDMA |
| Kıran D et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone |
| Celik O et al. | 2004 | human, pregnant females, whole body | fetal heart rate | 800–1,800 MHz | - | continuous for 5 min | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Bektas H et al. | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Okatan DÖ et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Saadia Z | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Saadia Z et al. | 2018 | human | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
| Tümkaya L et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
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