Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

843 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    298 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Tyndall DA 1993 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field, MRI
Bellossi A 1992 - - - - repeated exposure, 30 min/day, on 2 non-consecutive days/week, lifelong magnetic field, signals/pulses, therapeutic/medical device
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, DC, MRI
Konermann G et al. 1986 animal, mouse/albino - - - - static magnetic field, DC, MRI
Kubiak JZ et al. 1985 - - - - - electric field, signals/pulses
Ozil JP et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses, electric current application
Tyndall DA 1990 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Piera V et al. 1992 - - - - continuous -
Toman R et al. 2002 - - - - 20 min magnetic field
Saito K et al. 2006 animal, mouse/SS - - - continuous for 60 min on day 7.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5, 13.5, or 14.5 of pregnancy static magnetic field
Formicki K et al. 1998 - - - - continuous for 90 min magnetic field
Karja NW et al. 2006 - - - - - electric field, signals/pulses
Nishikawa U et al. 1986 - - - - - signals/pulses
Nishimura I et al. 2009 - - - - - magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, induction cooker, intermediate frequency
Gu Y et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Okazaki R et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - continuously for 2 days static magnetic field, MRI, co-exposure
Rofsky NM et al. 1994 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Jiang ML et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Zhu C et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Behr KP et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - - - - RF field, static magnetic field, MRI
Wang Y et al. 2016 human, whole body - - - - MRI
Pais-Roldan P et al. 2016 animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae - - - - static magnetic field, DC, MRI
Kantarcioglu E et al. 2018 animal, chicken/Super Nick (egg) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Ossenkopp KP et al. 1972 - - 500 mHz - continuous for about 22 or 3 days magnetic field, low frequency