Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Zecca L et al. 1985 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (embryo and adult), whole body - 50 Hz - 3 h/day, 4 weeks magnetic field, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Zervins A 1973 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body - 26 kHz - repeated daily exposure, 23h/day for 19 d 50/60 Hz, intermediate frequency
Zhu C et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Zimmerman S et al. 1990 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 23 h, starting 4 min post fertilization magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, DC, MRI
Zusman I et al. 1990 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley and mouse - 1–100 Hz - - electric field, low frequency, signals/pulses