Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Kubiak JZ et al. 1985 - - - - - electric field, signals/pulses
Karja NW et al. 2006 - - - - - electric field, signals/pulses
Boga A et al. 2012 - - 16 Hz - - electric field, signals/pulses
Okudan B et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body bone mineral content and bone mineral density 50 Hz - continuous for 28 days; from day 7 of gestation to 14 days post delivery electric field, static electric field, 50/60 Hz
Shams Lahijani M et al. 2004 fertilized chicken eggs teratogenicity/embryonal development 50 Hz - continuous for 24 h low frequency, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Ravera S et al. 2006 - - 75 Hz - 150 min low frequency, magnetic field
Joshi MV et al. 1978 - - 0 Hz - 1 hr magnetic field
Toman R et al. 2002 - - - - 20 min magnetic field
Formicki K et al. 1998 - - - - continuous for 90 min magnetic field
Lee W et al. 2014 - - 3.2 kHz - - magnetic field