Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 156 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Zusman I et al. 1990 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley and mouse - 1–100 Hz - - electric field, low frequency, signals/pulses
Stuchly MA et al. 1988 - - 17.857 kHz - 7 h/day for 15 days before and 22 days after conception magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, intermediate frequency
Nguyen P et al. 1995 intact cell/cell culture, embryonic cells from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, invertebrate, <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - 16 to 18 h 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Zimmerman S et al. 1990 invertebrate, sea urchin (<i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>) (embryo), whole body - 60 Hz - continuous for 23 h, starting 4 min post fertilization magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Litovitz TA et al. 1994 - - 100 Hz - continuous for 48 h magnetic field, signals/pulses
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Veicsteinas A et al. 1996 animal, chicken embryos/White Leghorn (eggs), whole body - 50 Hz - - 50/60 Hz, magnetic field
Dawson BV et al. 1998 - - 10.8 kHz - continuous 20 to 23.5 h/d, for 45 d to 58 d before mating magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken embryos (eggs); rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), whole body - 50 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 2 h/day upto 8 days (total exposure of 70 hrs) magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Delgado JM et al. 1982 - - 10–100 Hz - continuous for 48 hrs magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency