Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Tyndall DA 1990 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Clark MW et al. 1987 - - 2.45 GHz 4 nW/g first 12 days of embryogeny (incubation) microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1986 - - 2.45 GHz 4 nW/g first 12 days of embryogeny microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
McRee DI et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz 14 nW/g 4h/day during the first 5 days of incubation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
McRee DI et al. 1977 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g first 12 days of development microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Hamrick PE et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz - continuous, 24 h microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Galvin MJ et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 103.4 µW/g 3h/day from day 4- day 20 of pregnancy microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Dietzel F 1975 - - 27.12 MHz - 5 min UHF fields, microwaves
Berman E et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 6–9 mW/g 100 min./day from 6th till 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Chernovetz ME et al. 1975 - - 2.45 GHz 38 W/kg 10 min on the 11th, 12th, 13th or 14th day of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz