Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

842 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    297 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Konermann G et al. 1986 animal, mouse/albino - - - - static magnetic field, DC, MRI
Berman E et al. 1992 - - 970 MHz 70 µW/g–4.8 mW/g - RF field, microwaves
Tyndall DA 1990 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Pyle SD et al. 1975 - - 2.7 GHz - - microwaves, PW pulsed wave
Saito K et al. 1995 - - 428 MHz - - RF field, CW continuous wave
Gu Y et al. 2001 animal, mouse/ICR (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Kay HH et al. 1988 animal, embryos of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> (African clawed frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 64 MHz - - MRI
Prasad N et al. 1982 animal, embryos of <i>Rana pipiens</i> (Northern leopard frog), whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 30 MHz - - MRI
Rofsky NM et al. 1994 animal, mouse/CD-1, whole body - - - - MRI, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Jiang ML et al. 2003 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Zhu C et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - - MRI
Behr KP et al. 1991 animal, chicken embryos, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - - - - RF field, static magnetic field, MRI
Lyaginskaja AM et al. 2010 - - - - - RF field, source not given
Bas O et al. 2013 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Ye W et al. 2016 animal, chicken/Hy-Line Brown (egg) - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Wang Y et al. 2016 human, whole body - - - - MRI
Boga A et al. 2016 animal, African clawed frog (<i>Xenopus laevis</i>) - - - - mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications
Pais-Roldan P et al. 2016 animal, zebrafish embryos and larvae - - - - static magnetic field, DC, MRI
Shirai T et al. 2017 - - 800 MHz–5.2 GHz - - mobile communications, CDMA, RF field, W-LAN/WiFi, co-exposure
Moghimi A et al. 2009 animal, mouse/BALB/c - - - - GSM, mobile communications, mobile phone, microwaves, RF field
Zhang Y et al. 2014 animal, rat/Wistar (pregnant females and fetuses) - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
D'Silva MH et al. 2017 animal, chicken embryos/Gallus domesticus (eggs) - - - - mobile communications, mobile phone, UHF fields
Kantarcioglu E et al. 2018 animal, chicken/Super Nick (egg) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Pawlak K et al. 2018 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM
Alimohammadi I et al. 2018 animal, mouse/NMRI (pregnant females) - 915 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, RF field, co-exposure