Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. 308 studies
  2. 295 studies
  3. 115 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 45 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. 156 studies
  2. 134 studies
  3. 38 studies
  4. 2 studies
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Augustianath T et al. 2023 animal, chicken embryos (eggs) - 900–1,800 MHz - - 4G, GSM, mobile communications, mobile phone
Liu C et al. 2023 animal, zebrafish embryos (<i>Danio rerio</i>) - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Sahingöz Yildirim AG et al. 2022 - - 10.715 GHz - - microwaves
Dsilva MH et al. 2022 animal, hen (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) (eggs) - 1,800–2,100 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone
Tomruk A et al. 2022 animal, rabbit/New Zealand White - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, GSM, mobile phone
Andrašková S et al. 2022 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Bektas H et al. 2021 human - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Keleş Aİ et al. 2021 - - 900 MHz - - RF field
Keleş Aİ 2020 - - 900 MHz - - RF field
Haghani M et al. 2020 animal, rat/Wistar - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, RF field, PW pulsed wave