Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Teratogenicity, embryogenesis

308 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    156 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    134 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    38 studies
  4. Other
    2 studies

Radio frequency 134 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Galvin MJ et al. 1980 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03–16.02 mW/g continuous microwaves, CW continuous wave
Tyndall DA 1993 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> - - - 36 min/day from day 7 to day 14 of gestation static magnetic field, MRI
Inouye M et al. 1982 - - 2.45 GHz 1.3 W/kg 3 h on day 2 or day 3 of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Inouye M et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 1.76 W/kg 3 h/day through 4-21 days of gestation microwaves, 2.45 GHz
Lary JM et al. 1982 - - 27.12 MHz - gestation day 1,3,5,7,9,11,13 or 15 RF field, CW continuous wave
Pafkova H et al. 1994 animal, chicken (embryo), whole body - 50 Hz - see remark* 50/60 Hz, therapeutic/medical device
Nawrot PS et al. 1985 - - 2.45 GHz 40.2 W/kg 8 h/day through 1-6 or 6-15 days of gestation microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Smialowicz RJ et al. 1981 - - 100 MHz 2.8 W/kg 4 h/day RF field, CW continuous wave
Yip YP et al. 1994 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15–200 Hz - continuous for 6 h MRI
Zimmermann B et al. 1987 animal, mouse/NMRI, whole body - - - continuous for 18 days static magnetic field, DC, MRI