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Incandescent bulb

Belongs to:
Illumination
Synonyms:
Bulb, Electric bulb
Description:

An incandescent bulb produces light through the thermal heating of an electric conductor (e.g. tungsten). The filament is spirally formed and reaches temperatures between 1500°C - 3000°C during operation. Incandescent bulbs are very energy-inefficient as their light yield is only 12 Lumen/Watt whereas modern LEDs nowadays reach up to 150 Lumen/Watt.

Incandescent bulbs were phased out since 2009 due to an EU regulation in form of a four-level regulatory.

Type of field:
electric and magnetic

Measurements (acc. to literature)

Measurand Value Feature Remarks
electric field strength 5 V/m (measured) - at a distance of 30 cm [1]
current density 0.24 mA/m² (maximum, calculated) - maximum vertical component at 60 W output power [2]
current density 0.36 mA/m² (maximum, calculated) - maximum horizontal component at 75 W output power [3]
magnetic flux density 0.002 µT (measured) - at a distance of 30 cm for a 60 W bulb [4]
magnetic flux density 0.01 µT (measured) - at a distance of 30 cm; this emission level was observed for both a 60 W and a 100 W bulb (examined frequency: 50 Hz) [5]
magnetic flux density 0.07 µT (measured) - total flux density 15 cm beneath the lamp (examined frequency: 50 Hz) [3]
magnetic flux density 0.081 µT (measured) - total flux density 15 cm beneath and 15 cm to the side of the lamp (examined frequency: 50 Hz) [3]

References

  1. No authors listed (2019): [Radiation and radiation protection]
  2. Hirata A et al. (2010): Effect of the averaging volume and algorithm on the in situ electric field for uniform electric- and magnetic-field exposures
  3. Nadakuduti J et al. (2010): Assessment of EM Exposure of Energy-Saving Bulbs & Possible Mitigation Strategies (Final Report)
  4. Neitzke HP et al. (2006): [EMF manual - Electromagnetic fields: sources, risks, protection]
  5. Dürrenberger G et al. (2004): [EMF of energy saving lamps: field measurements and exposure estimations with comparison to other sources in everyday life - Final report]