Effects of low-level radio-frequency (3 kHz to 300 GHz) energy on human cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and other systems: a review of the recent literature review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation: chromosome aberrations
• effects on the reproductive system: birth defects; fertility; neuroblastoma in offspring; fetal loss; sex birth ratio
• effects on the immune system: changes in different antibody concentrations; blood lymphocytes
• effects on the cardiovascular system: heart rate; circadian rhythm of heart rate; blood pressure; local blood flow changes; general cardiovascular disease and mortality; stroke; hematoma; hematological changes; blood levels of free radicals
• endocrine changes: hormones; reproductive hormones/endocrinology
• hypersensitivity/subjective complaints: headaches; subjective symptoms
• epidemiology: evaluation of epidemiological studies for almost all listed endpoints
• fasciitis and dermatitis; effects on hearing or vestibular system; suicide; general health effects

Exposure

• • RF field
  • microwaves
  • also other exposures without EMF
• • radar
  • Radio/TV transmitter
  • mobile communications
  • mobile phone
• • occupational
  • residential