Cell phones and cancer: what is the evidence for a connection? review

Endpoint

• genotoxicity/mutation: chromosome aberration, DNA strand break, micronucleus formation
• cancer: cancer of the CNS, gallbladder, bile ducts, haematopoietic, lymphatic system, respiratory tract; tumor promotion (liver, skin, colon, mammary tumors)
• effects on the cardiovascular system: heart rate, arterial blood pressure, haematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte count
• endocrine changes: hormone levels of corticosterone, prolactin, catecholamines
• epidemiology: health effects, mortality, cancer risk (see "cancer")

Exposure

• • 2.45 GHz
  • RF field
  • low level microwaves
• • CDMA
  • CW continuous wave
  • PW pulsed wave
  • radar
  • mobile communications