Sensitivity of plants to high frequency electromagnetic radiation: cellular mechanisms and morphological changes review

Endpoint

• effects on plants: ROS and calcium homeostasis, DNA/mitosis alterations, gene expression modifications, growth and development, photosynthesis and metabolism

Exposure

• • 0 Hz–105 GHz
  • 50/60 Hz
  • electric field
  • magnetic field
  • low frequency
  • intermediate frequency
  • RF field
  • microwaves
  • millimeter waves
• • mobile communications
  • mobile phone
  • mobile phone base station
  • GSM