Electromagnetic interference in patients with implanted pacemakers or cardioverter-defibrillators review

Endpoint

• implants/medical devices: effects on cardiac pacemakers, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators

Exposure

• • TDMA
  • metal detector gate
  • therapeutic/medical device
  • EAS/RFID
  • microw. oven/heating device
  • mobile communications
  • GSM
  • NADC
  • MRI

Comments on this article

• Niehaus M et al. (2002): Interference of two common European digital cellular phones with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators