Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

337 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    134 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Brain/CNS tumor

68 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    52 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    17 studies
  3. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 52 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Su L et al. 2018 meta-analysis children, children in utero, 0–20 years 1942 - 2006 - childhood nervous system tumors including CNS tumor and neuroblastoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
McCredie M et al. 1994 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–14 years 1985 - 1989 Australia childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal, also other exposures without EMF
Castaño-Vinyals G et al. 2021 case-control study men, women, children, 10–24 years 2010 - 2015 Australia, Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Spain neuroepithelial brain tumors (e.g. glioma, embryonal brain tumor) mobile communications, mobile phone, cordless phone, RF field, low frequency
Cordier S et al. 2001 case-control study children 1976 - 1994 Australia, Israel, France, Italy, Spain, USA astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other glial tumors magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Kraut A et al. 1994 - children 1970 - 1986 Canada childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Li P et al. 2009 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–14 years 1982 - 2002 Canada astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma, other gliomas and other intracranial neoplasms magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Auger N et al. 2019 cohort study children, children in utero, newborns, 0–11 years 2006 - 2017 Canada childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solide tumors power transmission line, electrical substation, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field, residential
Olsen J et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years April 1968 - December 1986 Denmark childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, tumor of the central nervous system, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Pedersen C et al. 2015 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1968 - 2003 Denmark childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, residential
Verkasalo PK et al. 1993 cohort study children, 0–19 years 1970 - 1989 Finland childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Hug K et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–14 years July 1988 - June 1993, October 1992 - September 1994 Germany acute leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS tumor, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, bone tumor, and soft tissue sarcoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
MacCarthy A et al. 2010 - men, children, children in utero, 0–14 years 1962 - 1999 Great Britain neuroblastoma occupational, also other exposures without EMF, EMF general
Saito T et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–14 years May 1999 - September 2002 Japan childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Dockerty JD et al. 1998 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1990 - 1993 New Zealand childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid cancers magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, other domestic appliance, residential, personal
Tynes T et al. 1997 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1965 - 1989 Norway childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Smulevich VB et al. 1999 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1986 - 1988 Russia leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer radar, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Zagar T et al. 2023 - men, women, children, 0–29 years 2005 - 2016 Slovenia all cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, brain tumor, leukemia and lymphoma magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Feychting M et al. 2000 cohort study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1993 Sweden childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Feychting M et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1960 - 1985 Sweden childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, central nervous system tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Feychting M et al. 1995 pooled analysis children, 0–15 years 1960 - 1986 Sweden and Denmark leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, central nervous system tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Myers A et al. 1990 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1970 - 1979 UK childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Sorahan T et al. 1999 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–15 years 1953 - 1981 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer RF field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators 1999 case-control study children, 0–14 years 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant diseases magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, inhouse wiring, residential
UK Childhood Cancer Study Investigators 2000 case-control study children, 0–14 years 01/1991 - 12/1994 in Scotland, 4/1992 - 12/1994 in Wales and England, 1995 for leukemia and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 1996 for leukemia UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, total leukemia, cancer of central nervous system, other malignant disease magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Skinner J et al. 2002 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1992 - 1996 UK acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential