Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

338 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    135 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Brain/CNS tumor

68 studies in total
  1. Low frequency
    52 studies
  2. Radio frequency
    17 studies
  3. Other
    2 studies

Low frequency 52 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Draper G et al. 2005 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962-1995 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Pearce MS et al. 2007 case-control study men, women, children, 0–25 years 1968 - 2000 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, retinoblastoma, renal tumor, hepatic tumor, malignant bone tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, germ cell neoplasm electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Kroll ME et al. 2010 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962-1995 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Bunch KJ et al. 2014 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other solid tumors magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Swanson J et al. 2014 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer electric field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Bunch KJ et al. 2015 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable, high-voltage direct current (HVDC), residential
Bunch KJ et al. 2016 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1962 - 2008 UK lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Seomun G et al. 2021 meta-analysis children, 0–19 years 1960 - 2009 UK, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Italy, New Zealand, Canada, USA, Japan, Iran, Brazil, Czech Republic, Malaysia childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer magnetic field, low frequency, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz
Nasca PC et al. 1988 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1968 - 1977 USA tumor of the central nervous system magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Johnson CC et al. 1989 case-control study children, children in utero, 0–14 years 1964 - 1980 USA nervous system tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
Preston-Martin S et al. 1996 case-control study men, women, children, children in utero, 0–19 years 1984 - 1991 USA astrocytoma, glioma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, other brain tumor types magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal
Wertheimer N et al. 1979 case-control study children, 0–18 years 1950 - 1973 USA childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Savitz DA et al. 1993 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1983 USA leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, soft tissue sarcoma, and other types, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. 1996 case-control study men, women, children, 0–20 years 1975 - 1982 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, high volt./current device/welder, occupational
Gurney JG et al. 1996 case-control study men, women, children, 0–19 years 1989 - 1994 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, other domestic appliance, residential, personal
Preston-Martin S et al. 1996 case-control study children, 0–19 years January 1984 - June 1991 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, residential
Savitz DA et al. 1990 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1976 - 1983 USA childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, electric blanket, other domestic appliance, personal
Savitz DA et al. 1988 case-control study children, 0–14 years January 1976 - December 1983 USA childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solid tissue tumors and other cancers, all childhood cancer electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Kuijten RR et al. 1992 case-control study children, 0–14 years 1980 - 1986 USA astrocytoma electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Wilkins 3rd JR et al. 1988 case-control study men, women, children, 0–19 years 1959 - 1978 USA childhood brain/CNS tumor electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, occupational
McKean-Cowdin R et al. 1998 case-control study men, women, children, 0–18 years 1984 - 1991 USA astroglial tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumors electric field, low frequency, electrical substation, 50/60 Hz, occupational, also other exposures without EMF
Crespi CM et al. 2016 case-control study children, 0–15 years 1986 - 2008 USA childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, residential
Gurney JG et al. 2001 - men, women, children 1975 - 1997 USA brain tumor, central nervous system tumor, childhood brain/CNS tumor mobile communications, mobile phone, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, low frequency, occupational, residential, also other exposures without EMF
Zhang Y et al. 2016 meta-analysis men, women, children 1960 - 2009 USA, Canada, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, France, Italy, Germany, UK, Japan, China, New Zealand, Brazil, Iran leukemia and lymphoma, brain tumor, breast cancer, other cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Kheifets L et al. 2010 pooled analysis children, 0–15 years 1960 - 2001 USA, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, UK, Germany, Japan childhood brain/CNS tumor magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential