Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Söderberg KC et al. | 2002 | case-control study | children | 1973 - 1989 | Sweden | acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia | magnetic field, personal |
Malagoli C et al. | 2023 | case-control study | children, 0–15 years | 1998 - 2019 | Italy | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, residential |
Crespi CM et al. | 2019 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1986 - 2008 | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Amoon AT et al. | 2022 | pooled analysis | children, 0–16 years | 1962 - 2010 | USA, Denmark, Italy, UK | all types and acute lymphoblastic leukemia as subgroup | magnetic field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Nguyen A et al. | 2022 | case-control study | children, 0–15 years | 1986 - 2008 | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, power transmission line, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF, residential |
Duarte-Rodríguez DA et al. | 2024 | case-control study | men, women, children, ≤ 18 years | 2006 - 2013 | Mexico | childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia | magnetic field, power transmission line, electrical substation, low frequency, also other exposures without EMF |
Bunch KJ et al. | 2015 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1962 - 2008 | UK | childhood leukemia, childhood brain/CNS tumor, other childhood cancer | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, DC, underground cable, high-voltage direct current (HVDC), residential |
Bowman JD et al. | 1995 | case-control study, reanalysis | children, 0–10 years | not stated | USA | childhood leukemia | magnetic field, static magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, residential |
Zaki AM et al. | 2020 | meta-analysis | children, 0–15 years | - | Iran, Italy, Switzerland, Taiwan, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Canada, USA, New Zealand | all childhood cancer, childhood leukemia | mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, microwaves, cordless phone, RF field, Radio/TV transmitter, electric field, magnetic field, PC/TV monitor, low frequency, power transmission line, EMF general, laptop/tablet, residential, co-exposure |
Auger N et al. | 2019 | cohort study | children, children in utero, newborns, 0–11 years | 2006 - 2017 | Canada | childhood leukemia, childhood lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, solide tumors | power transmission line, electrical substation, 50/60 Hz, electric field, magnetic field, residential |
Smulevich VB et al. | 1999 | case-control study | children, 0–14 years | 1986 - 1988 | Russia | leukemia, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, childhood brain/CNS tumor, all childhood cancer | radar, electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, PC/TV monitor, occupational, also other exposures without EMF |
Does M et al. | 2011 | case-control study | children, 0–8 years | March 2002 - June 2007 | USA | childhood leukemia | touch current, 50/60 Hz, residential |
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