Study overviews

Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:

Epidemiological studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on children

337 studies in total
  1. Leukemia
    134 studies
  2. Other health effects
    89 studies
  3. Pregnancy outcomes
    88 studies
  4. Brain/CNS tumor
    68 studies
  5. Other types of cancer
    32 studies
  6. Lymphoma
    20 studies
  7. Cancer (unspecified)
    19 studies

Other health effects

89 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    70 studies
  2. Low frequency
    31 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    one study

Radio frequency 70 studies in total

List view
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Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Authors Year Study type Study group Observation period Study location Endpoints Parameters
Guxens M et al. 2013 cohort study children, ≥ 5 years 2003 - 2011 The Netherlands behavior problems mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, cordless phone, personal
Huss A et al. 2015 cohort study children, 6–8 years 2003 - 2011 The Netherlands sleep-onset delay, sleep duration, night wakening, parasomnia, daytime sleepiness mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal
Yamazaki K et al. 2023 - children, 8–14 years 2003 - 2020 Japan conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms, peer problems and prosocial behavior mobile communications, mobile phone base station, mobile phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter, personal, residential
Abramson MJ et al. 2009 cross-sectional study children, 11–14 years 2005 - 2006 Australia cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, simple learning, associative learning, movement monitoring/estimation, Stroop test) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Byun YH et al. 2013 cohort study children, 8–11 years 2005 - 2006, follow-up 2009 - 2010 Korea attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) mobile phone, mobile communications
Heinrich S et al. 2011 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2007 Germany chronic symptoms over the last 6 months: headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue, and fear, sleep disturbances mobile phone, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal
Thomas S et al. 2010 cohort study children, 12–15 years 2006 - 2007 Australia cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, personal
Thomas S et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2008 Germany overall behavioural problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer relationship problems) mobile communications, digital mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, personal
Heinrich S et al. 2010 cross-sectional study children, 8–17 years 2006 - 2008 Germany headache, irritation, nervousness, dizziness, fatigue and concentration problems mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, RF field, DECT, W-LAN/WiFi, residential, personal
Choi KH et al. 2017 cohort study women, children, children in utero, 0–3 years 2006 - 2010, follow-up at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of age Korea neurodevelopment: mental and psychomotor infant development mobile communications, mobile phone, TETRA/TETRAPOL, PCS, CDMA, RF field, FM broadcast (UKW), Radio/TV transmitter, co-exposure, residential, personal
Chartier AL et al. 2019 case-control study women, children in utero, newborns 2008 - 2015 USA birth weight, hearing impairment MRI
Bhatt CR et al. 2017 cohort study children, 9–11 years 2010 - 2012, follow-up 2012 - 2013 Australia cognitive function mobile communications, mobile phone, cordless phone
Kücer N et al. 2014 survey men, women, children, 9–80 years 2011 Turkey headache, vertigo/dizziness, fatigue, forgetfulness, insomnia, tension-anxiety, joint and bone pain, lacrimation of the eyes, hearing loss and tinnitus, insomnia mobile phone, mobile communications, personal
Redmayne M et al. 2016 cohort study children, 8–11 years 2011 Australia cognitive function (signal detection, working memory, learning, Stroop test) mobile phone, mobile communications, cordless phone
Brzozek C et al. 2019 reanalysis children, 9–11 years 2011 - 2013 Australia cognitive function mobile communications, mobile phone
Zvi E et al. 2020 cohort study women, children, children in utero, newborns, 0–6 years 2011 - 2017 Israel neurodevelopment: communication, daily living skills, socialization and motor skills MRI
Schoeni A et al. 2016 cohort study men, women, children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2013, follow-up 1 year later Switzerland headache, tiredness, lack of concentration, exhaustibility, lack of energy and physical ill-being mobile phone base station, mobile communications, Radio/TV transmitter, residential
Schoeni A et al. 2017 cohort study men, women, children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2013, follow-up 2013 - 2014 Switzerland headache, tiredness, lack of concentration, exhaustibility, lack of energy and physical ill-being mobile phone, UMTS, GSM, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, cordless phone, Radio/TV transmitter, W-LAN/WiFi, personal, residential
Roser K et al. 2016 cohort study men, women, children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2013, follow-up 2014 Switzerland behavioral problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationship problems and prosocial behavior) and concentration capacity (homogeneity, power and accuracy) mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter, residential, personal
Schoeni A et al. 2015 cohort study children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2014 Switzerland memory performance (verbal and figural memory) mobile phone, mobile phone base station, GSM, UMTS, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, Radio/TV transmitter
Foerster M et al. 2018 cohort study children, 12–17 years 2012 - 2014, follow-up 2016 Switzerland memory performance mobile communications, mobile phone
Danzer E et al. 2023 - children, children in utero 2012 - 2019 USA neurodevelopment MRI
Hwang Y et al. 2016 cross-sectional study men, women, children, 14–18 years 2013 Korea eye symptoms: vision blurring, redness, visual disturbance, secretion, inflammation, lacrimation and dryness mobile phone, mobile communications
Zarei S et al. 2015 case-control study children, children in utero, 3–5 years 2014 Iran speech problems mobile phone, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, cordless phone, W-LAN/WiFi, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, other domestic appliance
Zarei S et al. 2019 - women, children, children in utero, 3–7 years 2016 Iran speech problems mobile communications, mobile phone, mobile phone base station, W-LAN/WiFi, cordless phone, power transmission line, PC/TV monitor, also other exposures without EMF