Epidemiological studies of low and radio frequency exposure on children's health comprise the following studies:
| Authors | Year | Study type | Study group | Observation period | Study location | Endpoints | Parameters |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chartier AL et al. | 2019 | case-control study | women, children in utero, newborns | 2008 - 2015 | USA | birth weight, hearing impairment | MRI |
| Auger N et al. | 2019 | cohort study | women, children in utero, newborns | 1989 - 2016 | Canada | birth defects: central nervous system, sense organs (eye, nose, ear), orofacial clefts, heart, respiratory, digestive, abdominal wall/diaphragm, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems, multiple defects | magnetic field, electric field, power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, electrical substation, residential |
| Ren Y et al. | 2019 | cohort study | women, children in utero, newborns | 2012 | China | fetal growth: birth weight, skinfold thickness of back, triceps and abdomen, circumference of head, upper arm and abdomen | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency, personal |
| Khan MW et al. | 2018 | preliminary study | women, children in utero, 18–40 years | 2008 - 2015 | Finland | miscarriage, reduced birth weight, smallness for gestational age and preterm birth | EAS/RFID, magnetic field, static magnetic field, low frequency, intermediate frequency, co-exposure, occupational |
| Migault L et al. | 2018 | cohort study | women, children in utero, newborns | 2011, follow-up at the child's age of 2 months | France | premature birth between 33 and 37 weeks of gestation, small for gestational age | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz, occupational, residential |
| Li DK et al. | 2017 | cohort study | women, children in utero, ≥ 18 years | not stated | USA | miscarriage | magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz |
| Sadeghi T et al. | 2017 | case-control study | women, children in utero | 2013 - 2014 | Iran | preterm birth, birth defect, newborn death | power transmission line, 50/60 Hz, magnetic field, residential |
| Zhou LY et al. | 2017 | cross-sectional study | women, children in utero | January 2000 - December 2013 | China | spontaneous abortion | mobile phone, mobile phone base station, mobile communications, microw. oven/heating device, induction cooker, electric blanket, residential, personal, also other exposures without EMF |
| Ray JG et al. | 2016 | cohort study | women, children in utero, 16–49 years | 2003 - 2015 | Canada | stillbirth, neonatal death within 28 days of birth, congenital anomaly, neoplasm, hearing or vision loss | MRI |
| Eskelinen T et al. | 2016 | cohort study | women, children in utero, 18–44 years | 1990 - 1994 | Finland | time to pregnancy, birth weight and small for gestational age | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, underground cable, electrical substation, other domestic appliance, residential, personal |
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