Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Central nervous system

122 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    87 studies
  2. Low frequency
    32 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    3 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Low frequency 32 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Saha S et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> double-strand breaks, apoptosis 50 Hz - continuous for 2 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF
Gok DK et al. 2016 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body evoked potentials and lipid peroxidation in the brain and retina of rats 50 Hz - daily for 1 hour/day every during pregnancy electric field, 50/60 Hz
Min YS et al. 2001 animal, chicken/Ross, whole body levels of noradrenaline, tyrosine, GABA in the brain, sleep duration and onset time 60 Hz - 3 h, 6 h, 9 h or 12 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Akpinar D et al. 2016 animal, rat/Wistar albino (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body mismatch negativity in the EEG and oxidative brain damage 50 Hz - 1 hour/day during gestation until birth (22 days) electric field, 50/60 Hz
Lukac T et al. 2006 animal, rat/Mill Hill, whole body morphological and stereological changes in pineal gland 50 Hz - 7 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 months electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Fournier NM et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body: <i>in utero</i> morphology of hippocampus, behavior in open field, fear conditioning 50 Hz - continuous to different field patterns for 24 h/day during gestation (21 days) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Hemmati M et al. 2014 animal, mouse/Balb/c (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> protein expression of Reelin and Dab1 in the cortex 50 Hz - 5 hours/day for 3 consecutive days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Anselmo CW et al. 2006 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body: during pregnancy reflex maturation of newborn rats 60 Hz - repeated daily exposure, 2 h/days for 21 consecutive days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Canedo L et al. 2003 animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), whole body serotonin content in the cerebral cortex and pineal gland of young rats 60 Hz - continuous for 5 min, twice/week (6 sessions in total) during gestation magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Wang X et al. 2013 animal, mouse/albino Kunming, whole body spatial memory 50 Hz - continuous for 60 min/day from postnatal days 23 to 35 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz