Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Central nervous system

115 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    83 studies
  2. Low frequency
    30 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    3 studies

Low frequency 30 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Yip YP et al. 1995 animal, chicken/White Leghorn, whole body: <i>in ovo</i> - 15 Hz - continuous for 6 hr RF field, magnetic field, static magnetic field, MRI
Dong L et al. 2018 tissue slices, brain slices - 15–100 Hz - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, signals/pulses
Zheng Y et al. 2019 tissue slices, brain, rat/Sprague-Dawley synaptic plasticity 15–100 Hz - 10 s, 20 s, 40 s, 60 s and 5 min magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, low frequency
Lukac T et al. 2006 animal, rat/Mill Hill, whole body morphological and stereological changes in pineal gland 50 Hz - 7 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 months electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Fournier NM et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body: <i>in utero</i> morphology of hippocampus, behavior in open field, fear conditioning 50 Hz - continuous to different field patterns for 24 h/day during gestation (21 days) magnetic field, low frequency, signals/pulses, 50/60 Hz
Wang X et al. 2013 animal, mouse/albino Kunming, whole body spatial memory 50 Hz - continuous for 60 min/day from postnatal days 23 to 35 magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Balassa T et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar (embryo and young animal), whole body synaptic functions 50 Hz - continuous for 7 days during the second week of pregnancy magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Hemmati M et al. 2014 animal, mouse/Balb/c (embryo), whole body: <i>in utero</i> protein expression of Reelin and Dab1 in the cortex 50 Hz - 5 hours/day for 3 consecutive days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Saha S et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body: <i>in utero</i> double-strand breaks, apoptosis 50 Hz - continuous for 2 hours magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, also other exposures without EMF
Gok DK et al. 2016 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body evoked potentials and lipid peroxidation in the brain and retina of rats 50 Hz - daily for 1 hour/day every during pregnancy electric field, 50/60 Hz