Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albert EN et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz |
Kramarenko AV et al. | 2003 | human, partial body: ear | EEG | 100 MHz | - | - | GSM, mobile communications |
Motawi TK et al. | 2014 | animal, rat/Wistar albino | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Movvahedi MM et al. | 2014 | human, partial body: ear | - | 900 MHz | 1.45 W/kg | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications |
Sahin A et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | - | 900 MHz | 0.024 W/kg | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Masuda H et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 1,457 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, PDC, microwaves |
Odaci E et al. | 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Guler G et al. | 2016 | animal, rabbit/New Zealand White, whole body | - | 1,800 MHz | 18 mW/kg | - | GSM, mobile communications |
Ikinci A et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Petitdant N et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, GSM, mobile communications, RF, PW pulsed wave, co-exposure |
Bhargav H et al. | 2016 | human | - | 2,100 MHz | 0.4–0.54 W/kg | - | mobile phone, UMTS, mobile communications |
Kerimoglu G et al. | 2016 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
Xu F et al. | 2016 | - | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/Swiss albino (pregnant females) | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
An K et al. | 2015 | animal, rat/Wistar (pregnant females and fetuses) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, co-exposure |
Sharma A et al. | 2017 | - | - | 10 GHz | - | - | microwaves |
Lameth J et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Wistar (adults and pubs), partial body | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, PW pulsed wave |
Ghatei N et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/BALB/c (pregnant females and young animal) | - | 900–1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications |
Zhang JP et al. | 2017 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6, whole body | - | 1.8 GHz | - | - | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF |
DastAmooz S et al. | 2018 | - | - | 2.4 GHz | - | - | W-LAN/WiFi, RF |
Keleş Aİ et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | - |
Ahmed NA et al. | 2018 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (adults and young animal) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, PW pulsed wave |
Keleş Aİ et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, CW continuous wave |
Hong S et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 800–1,900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Azimzadeh M et al. | 2020 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone base station |
Akakin D et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i> and young animals) | - | 1,800 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Kim JH et al. | 2021 | - | - | 1,760–1,850 MHz | - | - | RF |
Gülsüm Deniz Ö et al. | 2022 | animal, rat/Wistar albino (pregnant females and fetuses) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Rashidova AM | 2021 | - | - | 460 MHz | - | - | microwaves |
Singh KV et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | 2,115 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Okur ZH et al. | 2021 | animal, rat/ Wistar albino | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Tan B et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave |
Bas O et al. | 2022 | - | - | 900 MHz | - | - | RF |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1988 | - | - | - | - | - | CW continuous wave, microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Yucel H et al. | 2022 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, RF |
Drecun M et al. | 1989 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave |
Guessab A et al. | 1983 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, radar |
Akefe IO et al. | 2023 | animal, mouse | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, RF, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Nakas M et al. | 1981 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Drecun M et al. | 1982 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1985 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Drecun M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | microwaves, 2.45 GHz |
Nakas M et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves |
Jamakosmanovic A et al. | 1979 | - | - | - | - | - | 2.45 GHz, microwaves, CW continuous wave |
El-Kafoury BMA et al. | 2023 | animal, rat/ Wistar | - | - | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Besset D et al. | 2024 | - | - | - | - | - | RF |
Azimzadeh M et al. | 2024 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>) | - | 900 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure |
Kim JH et al. | 2024 | animal, mouse/ICR | - | 1,850 MHz | - | - | mobile communications, RF |
Aslan A et al. | 2017 | animal, rat/Sprague Dawley, whole body | cerebellar morphology | 900 MHz | 0.01 W/kg | 1 hour/day for 25 consecutive days | mobile communications, mobile phone |
Erdem Koc G et al. | 2016 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i>), partial body: head of mothers | neuron number in hippocampus of offspring | 900 MHz | 2 W/kg | 1 hour/day from the 1st to the 21st day of gestation | mobile phone, mobile communications, RF, co-exposure |
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