Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. 308 studies
  2. 295 studies
  3. 115 studies
  4. 52 studies
  5. 45 studies
  6. 15 studies
  7. 10 studies

Fertility

45 studies in total
  1. 25 studies
  2. 19 studies
  3. 2 studies
  4. one study
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Ersoy N et al. 2022 rat/Sprague-Dawley - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Burcu A et al. 2020 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (adults, fetuses and neonates), whole body ovarian structure and function 50 Hz - from first day of pregnancy until postnatal day 42 for 4 h/day on 5 days/week magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ruan G et al. 2019 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body effects on the reproductive system 50 Hz - 20 hours/day for 24 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Gerardi G et al. 2016 animal, mouse/CD1 (specific pathogen, virus and antibody free), whole body reproductive performance 60 Hz - continuous for 100 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Zaun G et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J - - - - static magnetic field, MRI
Nishimura I et al. 2012 - - 20–60 kHz - - magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Tenorio BM et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body spermatogenesis 60 Hz - three daily applications of 30 min from day 13 of gestation to postnatal day 21 or 90 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Tenorio BM et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body testicular development 60 Hz - three times 30 min/day between the 13<sup>th</sup> day of gestation and the 21<sup>st</sup> postnatal day magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Bernabo N et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, capacitated spermatozoa (of two boars), animal, pig, partial body: oviducts morphological evaluation of embryos, fertility, sperm function 50 Hz - continuous 1 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Khaki AA et al. 2008 animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body histology and ultrastructure of prostate 50 Hz - 8 hours/day for approx. 3 weeks <i>in utero</i> and 5 weeks postnatal 50/60 Hz, magnetic field