Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.
Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.
The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.
Authors | Year | Exposed system | Endpoints | Frequency range | SAR | Exposure duration | Parameters |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hamann HJ et al. | 1998 | animal, songbirds, whole body | - | 16.66–50 Hz | - | - | electric field, magnetic field, 50/60 Hz, power transmission line, 16 2/3 Hz (train) |
Nishimura I et al. | 2012 | - | - | 20–60 kHz | - | - | magnetic field, intermediate frequency |
Zaun G et al. | 2014 | animal, mouse/C57BL/6J | - | - | - | - | static magnetic field, MRI |
Ersoy N et al. | 2022 | rat/Sprague-Dawley | - | - | - | - | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Ozguner IF et al. | 2002 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | 2 h/day for 30 days | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Ruan G et al. | 2019 | animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body | effects on the reproductive system | 50 Hz | - | 20 hours/day for 24 weeks | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Huuskonen H et al. | 2001 | animal, rat/Wistar, whole body | implantation | 50 Hz | - | 24 h/day from day 0 of pregnancy until at least 70 h up to 176 h after ovulation | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
Khaki AA et al. | 2008 | animal, rat/Wistar (<i>in utero</i> and young animals), whole body | histology and ultrastructure of prostate | 50 Hz | - | 8 hours/day for approx. 3 weeks <i>in utero</i> and 5 weeks postnatal | 50/60 Hz, magnetic field |
Kowalczuk CI et al. | 1990 | animal, mouse/C3H/He, whole body | - | 50 Hz | - | continuous | electric field, 50/60 Hz |
Bernabo N et al. | 2010 | intact cell/cell culture, capacitated spermatozoa (of two boars), animal, pig, partial body: oviducts | morphological evaluation of embryos, fertility, sperm function | 50 Hz | - | continuous 1 h | magnetic field, 50/60 Hz |
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