Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

840 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    308 studies
  2. Other
    295 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    115 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    52 studies
  5. Fertility
    45 studies
  6. Growth
    15 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    10 studies

Fertility

45 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    25 studies
  2. Low frequency
    19 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    2 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Low frequency 19 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Bernabo N et al. 2010 intact cell/cell culture, capacitated spermatozoa (of two boars), animal, pig, partial body: oviducts morphological evaluation of embryos, fertility, sperm function 50 Hz - continuous 1 h magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Tenorio BM et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body spermatogenesis 60 Hz - three daily applications of 30 min from day 13 of gestation to postnatal day 21 or 90 magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Gerardi G et al. 2016 animal, mouse/CD1 (specific pathogen, virus and antibody free), whole body reproductive performance 60 Hz - continuous for 100 days magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ruan G et al. 2019 animal, rat/Sprague-Dawley, mouse/C57BL/6J, whole body effects on the reproductive system 50 Hz - 20 hours/day for 24 weeks magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Burcu A et al. 2020 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley (adults, fetuses and neonates), whole body ovarian structure and function 50 Hz - from first day of pregnancy until postnatal day 42 for 4 h/day on 5 days/week magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Ersoy N et al. 2022 rat/Sprague-Dawley - - - - magnetic field, 50/60 Hz
Nishimura I et al. 2012 - - 20–60 kHz - - magnetic field, intermediate frequency
Tenorio BM et al. 2011 animal, rat/Wistar, whole body testicular development 60 Hz - three times 30 min/day between the 13<sup>th</sup> day of gestation and the 21<sup>st</sup> postnatal day magnetic field, low frequency, 50/60 Hz
Zaun G et al. 2014 animal, mouse/C57BL/6J - - - - static magnetic field, MRI