Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Fertility

49 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    29 studies
  2. Low frequency
    19 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    2 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Radio frequency 29 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Jaffar FHF et al. 2022 - - - - - W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, also other exposures without EMF, co-exposure
Jaffar FHF et al. 2024 - - - - - W-LAN/WiFi, RF, 2.45 GHz, co-exposure, also other exposures without EMF
Jha N et al. 2025 animal, rat/ Wistar - 700 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G
Karadayi A et al. 2023 - - - - - 2.45 GHz
Liu W et al. 2012 animal, mouse/albino Kunming - 935 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, RF
McRee DI et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g 24 h/day, first 12 days of embryogenesis microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Mugunthan N et al. 2015 animal, mouse/albino, whole body - 900–2,200 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Odaci E et al. 2016 - - 900 MHz - - mobile phone, mobile communications
Okatan DÖ et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Ozlem Nisbet H et al. 2012 animal, rat/Wistar albino, whole body testicular function 900 MHz 0.011–3 mW/kg continuous for 2 h/day for 90 days GSM, mobile communications