Study overviews

Experimental studies on the effects of young animals include studies with young animals prenatally or postnatally (before or after hatching) exposed to electromagnetic fields.

Young animals in this spirit means animals of the whole animal kingdom (but in this context mainly mammals and birds), exposed and investigated before their adulthood.

The graphics also include some experimental studies with children.

Experimental studies on the effects of low and radio frequency on young animals

884 studies in total
  1. Teratogenicity, embryogenesis
    319 studies
  2. Other
    313 studies
  3. Central nervous system
    122 studies
  4. Behavior and cognitive processes
    54 studies
  5. Fertility
    49 studies
  6. Growth
    16 studies
  7. Endocrinologic processes
    11 studies

Fertility

49 studies in total
  1. Radio frequency
    29 studies
  2. Low frequency
    19 studies
  3. DC and static fields
    2 studies
  4. Other
    one study

Radio frequency 29 studies in total

List view
10 25 50
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Authors Year Exposed system Endpoints Frequency range SAR Exposure duration Parameters
Almášiová V et al. 2021 - - - - - microwaves, 2.45 GHz, PW pulsed wave, microwave pulses
Gildersleeve RP et al. 1987 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g during first 12 days of embryogenesis ( egggs rotated every 2h) microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
McRee DI et al. 1983 - - 2.45 GHz 4.03 nW/g 24 h/day, first 12 days of embryogenesis microwaves, CW continuous wave, 2.45 GHz
Poulletier de Gannes F et al. 2013 animal, rat/Wistar-Han, whole body malformation, histological examination of male reproductive system and of ovaries; number and distribution of resorption sites and fetuses 2.45 GHz 0.08–4 W/kg continuous for 1 h/day, 6 days/week for up to 36 days: 2 weeks (female) or 3 weeks (male) pre-mating + 3 weeks (all animals) post-mating microwaves, PW pulsed wave, W-LAN/WiFi, 2.45 GHz, wireless transmitter/antenna
Jha N et al. 2025 animal, rat/ Wistar - 700 MHz - - mobile communications, 5G
Hanci H et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF
Okatan DÖ et al. 2018 animal, rat/Sprague Dawley - 900 MHz - - mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Qin F et al. 2021 animal, C57BL/6J mouse - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, RF, CW continuous wave
Shahin S et al. 2018 animal, mouse/Swiss albino - 1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM
Hegazy AA et al. 2022 animal, albino rats (mothers and pups) - 900–1,800 MHz - - mobile communications, mobile phone, GSM